I roto i tenei tuhinga, ka tirotirohia e matou nga kaupapa matua o te whakamahi i te konae .htaccess, he mea tino nui mo te whakarei ake i te SEO. Ma tenei konae e whakarite te whakariterite tika i nga wharangi ma nga miihini rapu. Ka ako tatou me pehea te whakahaere i nga huringa, te whirihora i te haumarutanga, me te whakanui i nga mahi. I tua atu, ka hoatu e matou he tohutohu me pehea te whirihora takitahi i tenei konae.
He aha te .htaccess e hiahiatia ana
Ko te konae .htaccess he momo "mana mamao" mo nga kaihanga tukutuku i runga i nga tūmau Apache. Ka tukuna he taputapu watea mo te whakatika i nga momo tawhā me te whakahaere i te whanonga o te paetukutuku. Ki te kore e taea te uru tika ki nga konae whirihoranga matua o te tūmau (he rite tonu te ahua o te manaaki mariko, hei tauira), ka waiho a .htaccess hei taputapu whai hua mo te whakarereketanga e tika ana.
Ko te Htaccess he maha nga wa kei roto i te kōpaki pakiaka o to papaanga, i roto ranei i nga kōpaki e hiahiatia ana he whirihoranga motuhake. Hei tauira, ki te whakamahi koe i te WordPress, ka taea te whirihoranga ma te Yoast SEO monomai, i korerohia e matou i roto i te tuhinga mo Te whirihora i te robots.txt. I etahi atu take, he nui ki te haere ki te kōpaki e hiahiatia ana me te whakatika i te konae .htaccess o naianei, ki te hanga ranei mena kaore ano kia hangaia.
Te whirihora i te Kōnae .htaccess
301 Tukuna htaccess
Ko te 301 redirect i roto i te konae .htaccess ka taea te rite ki te hurihanga tuturu i runga i te paetukutuku. Ka whakamohio atu ki nga miihini rapu me nga kaitirotiro kei te noho tuturu te wharangi ki tetahi wahitau hou me te whakaaro kia whakahouhia nga tohuwāhi me te tohu tohu. Ko te tikanga ka whakamahia taua whakahuri i te wa ka nekehia, ka mukua ranei tetahi wharangi hei pupuri i tona rarangi i nga hua rapunga me te whakahoki ano i nga manuhiri ki te waahi hou.
Hei whakahohe i nga whakahurihanga, me whakaahei koe i te tono e rite ana ki te konae .htaccess:
RewriteEngine onI muri i tera, ka taea e koe te whirihora i te ahua ngawari o te whakatika:
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
Redirect 301 /old-page.html /new-page.html
</IfModule>He anga rite te whakamahi i te RedirectPermanent he penei te ahua o te tohutohu:
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
Redirect permanent /old-page.html http://new-domain.ru/new-page.html
</IfModule>Ko enei nga huarahi tino ngawari ki te whirihora. Kia whai whakaaro tatou ki tetahi whirihoranga e whakamahi ana i etahi atu momo ahunga whakamua me te mod_rewrite kōwae:
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
# Redirecting from one page to another
RewriteRule ^old-page.html$ http://www.example.com/new-page.html [R=301,L]
# Redirecting all traffic from one domain to another
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^oldsite.com$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.oldsite.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.newsite.com/$1 [R=301,L]
# Redirecting from www to non-www (or vice versa)
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.example.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
# Redirecting from HTTP to HTTPS
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://www.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
# Redirecting from one subdomain to another
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^subdomain1.example.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://subdomain2.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
</IfModule>He 302 redirect .htaccess, e tohu ana i te nukuhanga rangitahi, he iti ake te tupono. Anei tetahi tauira o taua ahuatanga:
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^old-page.html$ /new-page.html [R=302,L]
</IfModule>Tuhinga Hapa Arataki
Ma tenei tautuhinga ka taea e koe te whakahaere i nga mea e kitea ana e te kaiwhakamahi ina puta nga hapa HTTP i to pae. Engari i te karere hapa paerewa, ka taea e koe te whakaatu i to ake wharangi, ka nui ake nga korero mo te manuhiri me te awhina ia ratou ki te mohio ki nga mea i tupu. Me whai noa i tenei wetereo hei whakamahi:
ErrorDocument <error_code> <URL_page>Hei tauira,
ErrorDocument 404 /errors/not_found.htmlTe tikanga ina a 404 ka puta he hapa, te wharangi i /errors/not_found.html ka whakatuwheratia. Ko nga URL tino rite kua tohua:
ErrorDocument 500 http://example.com/errors/server_error.htmlKo tenei tauira e whakaatu ana i te whakaaturanga o te server_error.html whaarangi i http://example.com/errors/ Tuhinga o mua 500 hapa.
Te whakakore i te urunga ki tetahi Whaiaronga Pae
Kei te kōnae .htaccess te whakahau Whakakahore mai i te katoa, e awhina ana ki te whakakore i te uru ki etahi kōpaki, ki etahi konae ranei kei runga i to tūmau tukutuku. Ka whai hua tenei ki te hiahia koe ki te huna i nga korero motuhake, i nga konae nui ranei mai i nga manuhiri o te waahi hei whakarite i te haumarutanga raraunga.
Hei whakakore i te raarangi (tirohia nga raarangi katoa e waatea ana), me taapiri te raina:
Options -IndexesKo te tauira o te aukati i te uru ki tetahi raarangi motuhake he penei te ahua:
<Directory /path_to_your_directory>
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
</Directory>Waihoki, ka taea e koe te whakakore i te uru ki te konae kotahi:
<Files "file.php">
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
</Files>Mo te whānuitanga o nga konae ma te toronga:
<FilesMatch "\.(txt|log|bak)$"> # Select the desired extensions, in the example: txt, log, bak
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
</FilesMatch>Te aukati i te uru ma te IP
Ko te aukati i te urunga ma te IP i roto i te konae .htaccess he tikanga ka taea e koe te aukati i te uru ki to paetukutuku mo nga wahitau IP motuhake, mo o raatau roopu ranei. Ka whai hua tenei mena kei te pirangi koe ki te aukati i te uru ki to pae, ki ona waahanga motuhake ranei mo etahi tangata, pooti kore ranei.
Ko te aukati i tetahi wahitau IP kotahi ka mahia ma te whakahau:
Order Deny,Allow
Allow from all
Deny from 11.22.33.44Ko te aukati i etahi wahitau IP ka pera ano ma te kape i te "Whakakahore mai" raina me nga wahitau e hiahiatia ana.
Mo te aukati i te whānuitanga o nga wahitau IP:
Order Deny,Allow
Allow from all
Deny from 11.11.11.11/24Hei tuku urunga mo nga IP motuhake anake, taapirihia te waehere:
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from 11.22.33.44Mo te whakakorenga o te uru, whakamahia te tohutohu Whakakahore mai i te katoa, a mo te aukati i nga wahitau ma te kanohi kanohi, tohua Whakakahoretia mai i te 11.22.
Kei hea, 11.22 ko te wāhitau IP huna kanohi.
Te aukati i nga manuhiri na te Kaiwhakamahi-Kaiwhakamahi
Ko te aukati i nga kaiwhakamahi na te Kaiwhakamahi-Kaiwhakamahi i roto i te konae .htaccess he tikanga whakahaere ko wai ka uru atu ki to tūmau tukutuku i runga i nga korero mo te tirotiro e whakamahia ana e te manuhiri. Kei roto i te aho Kaiwhakamahi-Kaiwhakamahi nga raraunga e pa ana ki te kaitirotiro e whakamahia ana e te tangata ki te mahi tahi me to kaimau, a na enei korero, ka taea e koe te aukati i te uru mo etahi kaiwhakamahi.
Ko te huarahi tino noa ki te aukati na te Kaiwhakamahi-Kaiwhakamahi ko te whakamahi mod_rewrite:
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Bot1 [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Bot2 [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Bot3 [NC]
RewriteRule ^.*$ - [F,L]
</IfModule>I tenei tauira:
- RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ka whakamahia hei taki i te aho Kaiwhakamahi-Kaiwhakamahi.
- ^Bot1, ^Bot2, ^Bot3 he tauira o nga aho Kaiwhakamahi-Kaiwhakamahi e hiahia ana matou ki te aukati. Ko nga whakarereketanga NC e tohu ana ko te whakataurite me noho koretake.
- RewriteRule ^.*$ - [F,L] ka pa ki te tono mena ka tutuki etahi o nga tikanga RewriteCond. Ka tukuna he whakautu me te 403 Forbidden status code (F) ka mutu nga ture tukatuka (L).
Keteroki i roto i te htaccess
Ma te whirihora i te keteroki i roto i te konae .htaccess ka tere ake to pae ma te tere ake te uta mo nga kaiwhakamahi. He penei te mahi: ko etahi o nga konae, penei i nga whakaahua, nga momo CSS, me nga tuhinga JavaScript, kei te rongoa i roto i te keteroki tirotiro a te kaiwhakamahi i muri i te uta tuatahi. Inaianei ka taea e te kaitirotiro te whakamahi i enei konae mai i te keteroki, kaua ki te utaina mai i te tuumau ia wa ka toro atu te kaiwhakamahi ki tetahi wharangi. Ka whakaitihia te wa uta me te whakapai ake i te mahinga o te waahi.
Whakaarohia he tauira:
# Enable caching for images for 1 month
<FilesMatch "\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|svg)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000, public"
</FilesMatch>
# Enable caching for CSS and JavaScript for 1 week
<FilesMatch "\.(css|js)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800, public"
</FilesMatch>Mo nga rauemi e whakahoutia ana, engari me whakakore te keteroki:
# Excluding caching for HTML pages and XML files
<FilesMatch "\.(html|xml)$">
Header set Cache-Control "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate"
Header set Pragma "no-cache"
Header set Expires "0"
</FilesMatch>Te whakapai ake i te mahinga o te pae
te mod_deflate a mod_gzip Ko nga kōwae i roto i te Apache ka awhina i nga korero ka tukuna e te tūmau ki nga taputapu a nga kaiwhakamahi. Ma tenei ka iti ake te rahi o nga konae, ka tere ake te utaina o te whaarangi. Heoi, he mea nui kia mahara ko te tautoko me te whirihoranga o enei waahanga ka rereke pea i runga i to tūmau.
Te tauira o te whakamahi i te mod_deflate kōwae:
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
# Compressing text file types
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/plain
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/css
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/rss+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/javascript
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-javascript
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-httpd-php
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-httpd-fastphp
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE image/svg+xml
</IfModule>Tauira mo mod_gzip:
<IfModule mod_gzip.c>
mod_gzip_on Yes
mod_gzip_dechunk Yes
mod_gzip_item_include file .(html?|txt|css|js|php|pl)$ # Enabling compression for files with extensions .html, .txt, .css, .js, .php, .pl
mod_gzip_item_include mime ^application/x-javascript.* # Enabling compression for MIME types starting with application/x-javascript
mod_gzip_item_include mime ^text/.* # Enabling compression for MIME types starting with text/
mod_gzip_item_exclude mime ^image/.* # Excluding from compression MIME types starting with image/
mod_gzip_item_exclude rspheader ^Content-Encoding:.*gzip.* # Excluding already compressed data (responses with the Content-Encoding: gzip header)
</IfModule>I korerohia e matou nga tohutohu e tino whakamahia ana. Ka taea e koe te mohio ki nga kaha katoa o te konae kei roto i te tuhinga mana.
Me pehea te Tirohanga i te Mahi o te Kōnae .htaccess
Hei tirotiro mena kei te mahi to konae .htaccess i runga i te pae, ka taea e koe te mahi i nga mahi e whai ake nei:
- Hurihia te kōnae .htaccess me te hapa. Hei whakautu, me hoatu e te tūmau he hapa. Ko tenei tikanga e whakaatu ana mena ka whakamahia te mahinga o te konae ki runga i te tūmau.
- Tirohia te mahi o nga huringa motuhake i mahia e koe. Hei tauira, mahia he whakatikatika iti ki tetahi o nga tawhā me te aromatawai i te ahua o nga huringa.
- Tirohia te waehere mana o te wharangi mena e pa ana nga huringa ki te whakautu a te tūmau. Me pehea te mahi i tenei, i korerohia e matou i mua i te tuhinga Waehere Hapa HTTP: he rarangi katoa o nga hapa o te tūmau.
- Tirohia nga raarangi tūmau. Ka whakaatuhia e ratou nga hapa katoa e pa ana ki te mahi o te kōnae .htaccess.
- Whakahaerehia nga whakamatautau ma te whakamahi i nga ratonga ipurangi, taputapu ranei.
He mea nui kia mohio koe ki te tirotiro i te mahi o te konae .htaccess, kaore koe e hiahia ki te mahi i nga hikoinga katoa i te wa kotahi. He nui ki te whiriwhiri i te tikanga tino pai mai i te rarangi ka whakamahi.
Opaniraa
Ko te whirihora i te konae .htaccess he mahi nui ki te arotau me te tiaki i to tūmau Apache. Kua tirotirohia e matou me pehea te awhina o tenei konae ki te whakahaere i nga huringa, ki te kopiri i nga ihirangi me te whakarite i te haumarutanga. Kia mohio koe ki te mahi me te .htaccess, ka whiwhi koe i tetahi taputapu kaha mo te whakapai ake i nga mahi me nga mahi o nga paetukutuku.
