Me pehea te whirihora i te tūmau tukutuku (Apache-PHP-MySQL/MariaDB) ki Linux

I roto i tenei tuhinga, ka hoatu e matou ki a koe nga tohutohu taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa me pehea te whirihora i te taiao tukutuku i runga i te tūmau e whakahaere ana i te Linux. Ko nga mea tuatahi, me maarama koe he maha nga waahanga whakawhitiwhiti i roto i te tūmau tukutuku.

• tūmau HTTP
• kaiwhakamaori reo hotaka
• Pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga (DBMS)

Hei whakahaere i to paetukutuku ka hiahia hoki koe ki te whakarite i tetahi punaha whakahaere ihirangi (CMS), he atanga tukutuku mo te whakahaerenga raraunga, me te urunga FTP.

Me whakaaro tatou ki te whakatu i tetahi whirihoranga rongonui Apache-PHP-MySQL(MariaDB) ki Linux. Ka whakauruhia ano e matou te vsftpd ftp server, phpMyAdmin - he atanga tukutuku mo te whakahaere raraunga, me te punaha whakahaere ihirangi WordPress.

Hei timata koa tono tūmau VPS or tūmau i whakatapua. Hei tauira i whakamahia e matou he tūmau mariko me te wāhitau IP pateko e whakahaere ana i te Ubuntu Server 18.04. I whakahaerehia nga whakahau katoa e te kaiwhakamahi pakiaka.

whirihoranga Tūmau HTTP Apache

1. tāutanga

apt install apache2

Ka mutu te whakaurunga, whakatuwheratia he kaitirotiro ka tirohia “http://[server's_ip_address]”

Mena ka kite koe i tetahi wharangi powhiri penei i runga i te whakaahua o runga, ko te tikanga kei te mahi to tūmau HTTP.

2. Waihangahia he wharangi whakamatautau

Ko te whaiaronga pakiaka taunoa mo te paetukutuku “/var/www/html”. Koinei te waahi ka kitea e koe te wharangi powhiri katahi ano koe ka kite. Me hanga he whaiaronga motuhake “/var/www/paepae” mo nga kaihautu mariko me tetahi kōpakiroto "/var/www/pae/pae1" me te wharangi taurangi o to paetukutuku whakamatautau.

cd /var/www/

mkdir -p sites/site1

echo "<H1>Welcome</H1>" > sites/site1/index.html

I te hua o te konae "/var/www/sites/site1/index.html" kia kotahi noa te rarangi o te waehere html:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

3. whirihoranga tūmau Apache

Ko nga konae whirihora o nga paetukutuku kei roto "/etc/apache2/pae-wātea/" rārangi pukapuka. Me hanga he konae whirihoranga mo tetahi kaihautu mariko hou e tango ana i te whirihoranga taunoa mai i te konae “000-default.conf” hei turanga.

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/

cp 000-default.conf site1.conf

Whakatūwheratia te kōnae “pae1.conf” ka huri i te “DocumentRoot” huanga. Whakanohia te huarahi o to paetukutuku hei uara, na i roto i to maatau "/var/www/pae/pae1"

I tenei wahanga karekau matou e hiahia ki te whirihora i te mahi tukutahi o nga paetukutuku maha, na reira ka taea e matou te whakakore i te paetukutuku taunoa ka taea te waahi hou. Utaina ano te whirihoranga tūmau hei whakamahi i nga huringa.

a2dissite 000-default

a2ensite site1

systemctl reload apache2

Whakatūwherahia te hononga “http://[taumau_ip_address]” ano, me te whakarite kia kaua ko te wharangi powhiri taunoa kei a maatau te wharangi hou.

Kua oti i a matou te whirihoranga o ta matou tūmau HTTP ka taea e matou te haere ki te taahiraa e whai ake nei.

whirihoranga tūmau FTP

1. tāutanga

Tāutahia tā mātou tūmau ftp me tētahi mōkihi tāpiri "db-util", me whirihora i nga kaiwhakamahi mariko

apt install vsftpd db-util

2. Waihanga pūkete rohe

Ko te tūmau vsftpd ka taea e matou te whirihora i nga whakaaetanga uru i roto i te huarahi tino ngawari. Mo a maatau mahi me whakarato ki nga kaiwhakamahi ftp enei e whai ake nei:

• uru katoa ki nga ihirangi o “/var/www/pae/”;
• monohia nga mea katoa o runga “/var/www/”;
• hononga ki te pūkete mariko;

Waihangahia he kaute rohe “mariko” kaore he whakaaetanga takiuru engari me te uru ki te kōpaki kaainga “/var/www/”. Ka whakamahia tenei kaute e nga kaiwhakamahi ftp ki te hono atu ki te tūmau

useradd -d /var/www virtual

“Puakaa” ko te rangatira o te “/var/www” kōpaki taunoa. Kia taea ai e nga kaiwhakamahi ftp te whakarereke i nga ihirangi o nga paetukutuku, me whakarereke te rangatira o “/var/www/pae/” tae atu ki nga kōpakiroto o “mariko”.

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

Ko te mutunga, ko te kaiwhakamahi “mariko” ka taea ki te kite i nga ihirangi o “/var/www/” ka tuhi ki roto i te “/var/www/pae/” kōmua.

3. Hōutuutu

Ko te whirihoranga matua kei roto i te konae “/etc/vsftpd.conf”, no reira me whakatuwhera ka whakatika penei:

#enable virtual users

anonymous_enable=NO

local_enable=YES

guest_enable=YES

guest_username=virtual

#configure permission

write_enable=YES

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

anon_other_write_enable=YES

anon_world_readable_only=NO

anon_umask=0022

chroot_local_user=YES

#launch settings

listen=YES

pasv_min_port=30000

pasv_max_port=30999

4. Waihangahia te pātengi raraunga

Ka hiahia koe ki tetahi paparangi raraunga hei penapena raraunga o nga kaute mariko.

Tuatahi, me hanga he konae kuputuhi ngawari “users.txt” i roto i te kōpaki kāinga me te tiaki i nga taipitopito uru (takiuru me te kupuhipa) o nga kaiwhakamahi mariko ki ia rarangi atu. Hei tauira, ka hiahiatia he kaiwhakamahi mariko me te takiuru “ftp” me te kupuhipa “Qwe123”. Na ka penei te ahua o te konae:

ftp

Qwe123

Me hanga e tatou te patengi raraunga

db_load -T -t hash -f ~/users.txt /etc/vsftpd_login.db

Me whakarerekē te konae PAM taunoa “/etc/pam.d/vsftp” e whai ake nei:

auth required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

account required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

Kia mahara ko te ara o te “pam_userdb.so” He rereke pea te whare pukapuka engari ka taea e koe te whakarereke ina hiahiatia.

Utaina ano te tūmau vsftpd hei tono huringa.

systemctl restart vsftpd

I mutu ta matou whirihora i te tūmau FTP.

Taipitopito hononga:

• ftp://[server's_ip_address]
• takiuru: ftp
• kupuhipa: Qwe123

whirihoranga tūmau PHP

1. Tāutanga o PHP

I tenei ra ko te putanga pumau hou o PHP ko te php 7.4.5 karekau i whakauruhia ki roto i nga whare pupuri Ubuntu mana. Me honoa he putunga putunga tuatoru me te whakauru i te putanga hou o PHP.

apt update

apt install software-properties-common

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

apt update

apt install php7.4

2. Tirohia

Kia mahia ai te PHP me whai konae whaarangi paetukutuku “.php” toronga. Me whakaingoa ano to maatau wharangi whakamatautau:

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

mv index.html index.php

Tāpirihia te rārangi php e whai ake nei ki te kōnae "/var/www/sites/site1/index.php", no reira me penei te ahua o te konae:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

Tiakina nga huringa me te tirotiro i te hua ki te tirotiro.

Mena ka kite koe i te hua o te mahi “phpinfo()”, kei te mahi tika te kaiwhakamaori PHP. Na kia haere a ki te taahiraa e whai ake nei.

MySQL (MariaDB) whirihoranga

1. tāutanga

Tāutahia a MariaDB me tetahi kōwae PHP mo MySQL ka utaina ano a Apache.

apt install mariadb-server php-mysql

systemctl restart apache2

Tāmatahia te whārangi whakamātautau ka haere ki te wāhanga PDO i te ripanga whirihoranga PHP. Mena ka kitea e koe te waahanga “PDO_mysql”, katahi ka tika te whakaurunga o te taraiwa mo Mysql.

Na ka hiahia matou ki te mahi i te whirihoranga haumarutanga tuatahi o MariaDB me te tautuhi i te kupuhipa mo te "Root" kaiwhakamahi, whakakorehia te uru mamao, me te whakakore i nga kaute manuhiri katoa.

mysql_secure_installation

I te taahiraa tuatahi, me uru tatou ki te "pakiaka" te kupuhipa a te kaiwhakamahi ki te uru atu ki te DBMS ka pehi ranei i te Enter mena karekau he kupuhipa. I te mea karekau he kupuhipa kua whakaritea mo te "pakiaka" kaiwhakamahi i muri i te tāutanga, pēhi noa "Whakauru".

Kia mahara kei roto i a MariaDB kei kona ano nga kaute kaore he mahi ki nga kaute OS. Na ko te kaiwhakamahi anake e mahi ana matou ki a MariaDB "pakiaka".

I muri i tera, ka tono mai te kaiwhakariterite ki te tautuhi i te kupuhipa mo te kaiwhakamahi pakiaka. Momo "AND" ki te whakaū me te whakauru i te kupuhipa hōu. I roto i to tatou take, te reira “Qwe123”

Whakautu "AND" ki nga toenga patai tae noa ki te mutunga.

Kua oti te whirihora!

Nga taipitopito urunga a MariaDB:

• Takiuru: pakiaka
• Kupuhipa: Qwe123

phpMyAdmin whirihoranga

1. tāutanga

Me whakauru te toronga e tika ana mo PHP - mbstring.

apt install php-mbstring

I roto i te putunga whaimana he putanga tawhito noa iho o phpMyAdmin, na me whakauru a ringa i te mea hou.

Whakatuwheratia te paetukutuku mana o te kaupapa "https://www.phpmyadmin.net/” ka tango i te puranga hou.

Tāruatia te pūranga ki te tūmau i roto i te “/var/www/pae/” kōpaki ma te whakamahi i tetahi kiritaki ftp.

Wetekina te kōpaki ka whakaingoa anō ki “phpMyAdmin”. Kaua e wareware ki te whakauru i te “Wewetehia” whaipainga. Ka taea e koe te muku i te puranga i muri i to wetenga.

apt install unzip

cd /var/www/sites/

unzip phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

mv phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages phpMyAdmin

rm phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

Waihangahia te kōpaki e whai ake nei "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/tmp" mo nga konae rangitahi ka taea te uru mo te katoa. Ki te kore koe e mahi i tenei, ka ripoatahia e phpMyAdmin kua kore te uru ki te kōpaki rangitahi.

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

mkdir tmp

chmod 777 tmp

2. Waihangatia he ingoa ingoa

I te mea ehara a phpMyAdmin i te kaihautu mariko motuhake, kei waho o te whaiaronga pakiaka, me whirihora i te ingoa ingoa.

Whakatūwheratia te kōnae "/etc/apache2/mods-available/alias.conf" me te taapiri i tenei rarangi:

Alias /pma “/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin"

i roto i tenei waahanga:

<IfModule alias_module>

</IfModule>

Utahia ano a Apache hei whakamahi i nga huringa.

systemctl reload apache2

Kua whakaritea te ingoa ingoa, no reira ka uru tatou ki te phpMyAdmin i konei “http://[server's_ip_address]/pma”.

3. Whakapaia te pātengi raraunga

I te mea i aukatihia e matou te whakamahi i te kaiwhakamahi pakiaka i te whirihoranga tuatahi o MariaDB, me hanga he putea hou me nga whakaaetanga katoa ka whakamahia ki te uru atu ki te phpMyAdmin.

I tua atu, kia taea ai etahi atu waahanga o te phpMyAdmin ka hiahia matou ki te patengi raraunga ratonga me tetahi kaute hei uru atu.

Me hanga e tatou nga kaute

mariadb -u root -p

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH GRANT OPTION;

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `phpmyadmin`.* TO 'pmaservice'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH grant option;

quit

Kia mahara ko te ingoa raraunga i te tono tuarua kei roto i nga korakora o muri “… ON `phpmyadmin`.* KI 'pma'@'localhost' NA …”,

I te mutunga, ka rua nga kaute i hangaia i MariaDB:

• Takiuru: pma, Kupuhipa: Qwe123Te urunga katoa, ka whakamahia hei takiuru ki phpMyAdmin
• Takiuru: pmaservice, Kupuhipa: Qwe123Ko te kaute ratonga e hiahiatia ana mo etahi atu waahanga hei mahi

I te taahiraa e whai ake nei, ka tautuhia e matou enei korero ki te konae whirihoranga “config.inc.php”.

Na me kawemai tatou i te papaunga raraunga mai i te konae "phpMyAdmin/sql/create_tables.sql".

Me kawemai ma te awhina a phpMyAdmin.

Whakatūwherahia te hononga “http://[server's_ip_address]/pma”

Whakauru takiuru “pma” me te kupuhipa “Qwe123”

haere ki “Kawemai”, pāwhiritia "Tīpakohia te konae" ka kowhiri i te konae "sql/create_tables.sql" i roto i te whaiaronga pakiaka o phpMyAdmin. Ko te tikanga ko te kōpaki kei runga i to PC “phpMyAdmin” me nga konae. Wetewetehia mehemea e tika ana.

Pāwhiritia "Panuku" kia timata te kawemai.

4. Hōutuutu

Me kape te konae whirihoranga mai i te tauira

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

Me whakatuwhera te konae whirihoranga "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php" ka mahi i nga huringa e whai ake nei:

Tautuhia he uara tohu-32 matapōkere mō te huanga “$cfg['blowfish_secret']”. Whakamahia tetahi kaihanga kupuhipa mo tena..

Tangohia nga korero mai i nga rarangi katoa o te "phpMyAdmin tautuhinga rokiroki whirihoranga" waahanga me te tautuhi i te takiuru me te kupuhipa o te kaute ratonga a MariaDB mo te "kaiwhakamahi mana" a “mana whakahaere” i runga i nga huanga. I roto i to tatou take, te reira pmaservice a Qwe123.

Whakaorangia o huringa.

Nga taipitopito uru mo phpMyadmin:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/pma/
• Takiuru: pma
• Kupuhipa: Qwe123

Me pehea te whakauru me te whirihora WordPress i runga i te tūmau Linux

1. Puka WordPress me nga whakatakotoranga konae

Haere ki te paetukutuku mana WP "https://ru.wordpress.org/” ka tango i te puranga ki to PC rohe.

Tukuake te pūranga ki te tūmau ki te “/var/www/pae/” kōpaki ka wetewetehia ki te “wordpressKōpaki.

Tāruatia ngā ihirangi o te “/var/www/pae/wordpress/” kōpaki pakiaka o te "/var/www/pae/pae1/" paetukutuku.

I te mea i kapea e matou nga konae ma te papatohu me nga whakaaetanga pakiaka, me huri ke te rangatira o te “/var/www/pae/” kōpaki me nga ihirangi o “mariko”. E hiahiatia ana tenei kia taea ai te uru katoa mo te hononga ftp ma te kiritaki.

cd /var/www/sites/

tar -xzvf wordpress-5.4-ru_RU.tar.gz

cp -R wordpress/* site1/

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

2. Waihangahia he paparangi mo WordPress

Takiuru ki te phpMyAdmin ka paato i te "Waihanga paatengi raraunga". Tauwhāitihia he ingoa pātengi raraunga, i roto i ta maatau "wordpress_db" ka paato i te paatene "Waihanga".

Tīpakohia te pātengi raraunga hōu i te wāhanga mauī ka pāwhiri “Nga Tikanga”

Na ka panui "Tāpirihia he pūkete kaiwhakamahi".

Whakauruhia te takiuru me te kupuhipa (wpservice / Qwe123) i te matapihi tuwhera, tirohia "Hoatu nga mana katoa i roto i te wordpress_db" a pāwhiri "Panuku"

I te wharangi o muri pawhiria “Whakakore katoa” ki te tautuhi i nga mana katoa i runga i te taumata papaa raraunga ka paato "Panuku".

3. Whirihoranga WordPress i runga i te tūmau Linux

Haere ki te whaiaronga pakiaka o to paetukutuku me te kape i te konae whirihoranga mai i te tauira

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

Whakatūwheratia te “wp-config.php” konae me te whakauru i nga tawhā hononga pātengi raraunga i hanga e matou i te taahiraa o mua ka tiakina nga huringa.

4. Tāuta CMS WordPress

Whakatuwherahia te hononga e whai ake nei i roto i te tirotiro “http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-admin/install.php”.

Whakakiia nga mara katoa ka paato "Tāutahia te WordPress". Whakaritea he ingoa kaiwhakamahi matapōkere me te kupuhipa. I roto i to tatou take, te reira wpadmin a Qwe123 pera.

Ka whakamahia enei korero ki te uru atu ki te WordPress.

Ka mutu te whakaurunga, whakatuwheratia te hono “http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-login.php”, tomo nga taipitopito uru, ka takiuru ki WordPress.

Me kite koe i tetahi o nga tauira WordPress i te wharangi matua.

Kua oti te whirihoranga.

Nga taipitopito urunga WordPress:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/wp-login.php
• Takiuru: wpadmin
• Kupuhipa: Qwe123