Me pehea te whirihora i te tūmau tukutuku (Apache-PHP-MySQL/MariaDB) ki Linux

I roto i tenei tuhinga, ka hoatu e matou ki a koe nga tohutohu taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa me pehea te whirihora i te taiao tukutuku i runga i te tūmau e whakahaere ana i te Linux. Ko nga mea tuatahi, me maarama koe he maha nga waahanga whakawhitiwhiti i roto i te tūmau tukutuku.

• tūmau HTTP
• kaiwhakamaori reo hotaka
• Pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga (DBMS)

Hei whakahaere i to paetukutuku ka hiahia hoki koe ki te whakarite i tetahi punaha whakahaere ihirangi (CMS), he atanga tukutuku mo te whakahaerenga raraunga, me te urunga FTP.

Me whakaaro tatou ki te whakatu i tetahi whirihoranga rongonui Apache-PHP-MySQL(MariaDB) ki Linux. Ka whakauruhia ano e matou te vsftpd ftp server, phpMyAdmin - he atanga tukutuku mo te whakahaere raraunga, me te punaha whakahaere ihirangi WordPress.

Hei tīmatanga, tonoa he tūmau VPS , he tūmau whakatapua rānei . Hei tauira, i whakamahia e mātou he tūmau mariko me te wāhitau IP tūmau pumau e whakahaere ana i te Tūmau Ubuntu 18.04. Nā te kaiwhakamahi pūtake i whakahaere ngā whakahau katoa.

whirihoranga Tūmau HTTP Apache

1. tāutanga

apt install apache2

Kia oti te tāutanga, whakatuwheratia he pūtirotiro ka tirohia te “http://[server's_ip_address]”

Mena ka kite koe i tetahi wharangi powhiri penei i runga i te whakaahua o runga, ko te tikanga kei te mahi to tūmau HTTP.

2. Waihangahia he wharangi whakamatautau

Ko te whaiaronga pūtake taunoa mō te paetukutuku ko "/var/www/html" . Koinei te wāhi ka kitea e koe te whārangi powhiri i kitea e koe. Me waihanga he whaiaronga motuhake "/var/www/sites" mō ngā kaihautū mariko me tētahi kōpaki iti "/var/www/sites/site1" me te whārangi taupū o tō paetukutuku whakamātautau.

cd /var/www/

mkdir -p sites/site1

echo "<H1>Welcome</H1>" > sites/site1/index.html

Ko te mutunga iho, me whai kotahi noa te rārangi waehere html i roto i te kōnae "/var/www/sites/site1/index.html" :

<H1>Welcome</H1>

3. whirihoranga tūmau Apache

Kei roto i te rārangi "/etc/apache2/sites-available/" ngā kōnae whirihoranga o ngā paetukutuku . Me waihanga he kōnae whirihoranga mō tētahi kaihautū mariko hou mā te whakamahi i te whirihoranga taunoa mai i te kōnae "000-default.conf" hei pūtake.

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/

cp 000-default.conf site1.conf

Whakatuwheratia te kōnae "site1.conf" ka whakarerekē i te huanga "DocumentRoot" . Tāpirihia te ara o tō paetukutuku hei uara, nō reira i roto i tā mātou take ko "/var/www/sites/site1"

I tenei wahanga karekau matou e hiahia ki te whirihora i te mahi tukutahi o nga paetukutuku maha, na reira ka taea e matou te whakakore i te paetukutuku taunoa ka taea te waahi hou. Utaina ano te whirihoranga tūmau hei whakamahi i nga huringa.

a2dissite 000-default

a2ensite site1

systemctl reload apache2

Whakatuwheratia anō te hononga “http://[tūmau_ip_address]” ā, kia mōhio kei a tātou te whārangi hou hei utu mō te whārangi powhiri taunoa.

Kua oti i a matou te whirihoranga o ta matou tūmau HTTP ka taea e matou te haere ki te taahiraa e whai ake nei.

whirihoranga tūmau FTP

1. tāutanga

Me tāuta tā tātou tūmau FTP me tētahi atu mōkihi "db-util" , e hiahiatia ana hei whirihora i ngā kaiwhakamahi mariko.

apt install vsftpd db-util

2. Waihanga pūkete rohe

Ko te tūmau vsftpd ka taea e matou te whirihora i nga whakaaetanga uru i roto i te huarahi tino ngawari. Mo a maatau mahi me whakarato ki nga kaiwhakamahi ftp enei e whai ake nei:

• uru katoa ki nga ihirangi o “/var/www/pae/”;
• monohia nga mea katoa o runga “/var/www/”;
• hononga ki te pūkete mariko;

Waihangahia he pūkete ā-rohe "mariko" me te kore whakaaetanga takiuru engari me uru atu ki te kōpaki kāinga "/var/www/" . Ka whakamahia tēnei pūkete e ngā kaiwhakamahi ftp hei hono atu ki te tūmau.

useradd -d /var/www virtual

Ko "Root" te rangatira o te kōpaki "/var/www" i te taunoa. Hei whakahohe i ngā kaiwhakamahi ftp ki te whakarerekē i ngā ihirangi o ngā paetukutuku, me whakarerekē te rangatira o "/var/www/sites/" tae atu ki ngā kōpaki iti o "virtual".

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

Nō reira, ka taea e te kaiwhakamahi "mariko" te kite i ngā ihirangi o "/var/www/" me te tuhi ki te kōpaki iti "/var/www/sites/".

3. Hōutuutu

Kei roto i te kōnae “/etc/vsftpd.conf” te whirihoranga matua , nō reira me whakatuwhera, me whakatika penei:

#enable virtual users

anonymous_enable=NO

local_enable=YES

guest_enable=YES

guest_username=virtual

#configure permission

write_enable=YES

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

anon_other_write_enable=YES

anon_world_readable_only=NO

anon_umask=0022

chroot_local_user=YES

#launch settings

listen=YES

pasv_min_port=30000

pasv_max_port=30999

4. Waihangahia te pātengi raraunga

Ka hiahia koe ki tetahi paparangi raraunga hei penapena raraunga o nga kaute mariko.

Tuatahi, me waihanga he kōnae kuputuhi māmā "users.txt" ki roto i te kōpaki kāinga, ā, me tiaki ngā taipitopito urunga (takiuru me te kupuhipa) o ngā kaiwhakamahi mariko ki roto i ia rārangi atu. Hei tauira, me whai kaiwhakamahi mariko tātou me te takiuru "ftp" me te kupuhipa "Qwe123" . Kātahi ka rite te āhua o te kōnae ki tēnei:

ftp

Qwe123

Me hanga e tatou te patengi raraunga

db_load -T -t hash -f ~/users.txt /etc/vsftpd_login.db

Me whakarerekē te kōnae PAM taunoa "/etc/pam.d/vsftp" penei:

auth required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

account required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

Kia mōhio mai, he rerekē pea te ara o te whare pukapuka "pam_userdb.so" engari ka taea e koe te whakarerekē mēnā e tika ana.

Utaina ano te tūmau vsftpd hei tono huringa.

systemctl restart vsftpd

I mutu ta matou whirihora i te tūmau FTP.

Taipitopito hononga:

• ftp://[server's_ip_address]
• takiuru: ftp
• kupuhipa: Qwe123

whirihoranga tūmau PHP

1. Tāutanga o PHP

I tenei ra ko te putanga pumau hou o PHP ko te php 7.4.5 karekau i whakauruhia ki roto i nga whare pupuri Ubuntu mana. Me honoa he putunga putunga tuatoru me te whakauru i te putanga hou o PHP.

apt update

apt install software-properties-common

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

apt update

apt install php7.4

2. Tirohia

Kia taea ai te whakahaere i te PHP, me whai toronga ".php" te kōnae whārangi tukutuku . Me whakaingoa anō tā tātou whārangi whakamātautau:

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

mv index.html index.php

Tāpirihia te rārangi php e whai ake nei ki te kōnae "/var/www/sites/site1/index.php" , kia rite ai te āhua o te kōnae ki tēnei:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

Tiakina nga huringa me te tirotiro i te hua ki te tirotiro.

Ki te kite koe i te hua o te mahi "phpinfo()" , kei te mahi tika te kaiwhakamāori PHP. Me haere tonu tātou ki te taahiraa e whai ake nei.

MySQL (MariaDB) whirihoranga

1. tāutanga

Tāutahia a MariaDB me tetahi kōwae PHP mo MySQL ka utaina ano a Apache.

apt install mariadb-server php-mysql

systemctl restart apache2

Whakahoutia te whārangi whakamātautau ka haere ki te wāhanga PDO i roto i te ripanga whirihoranga PHP. Mena ka kitea e koe te wāhanga “PDO_mysql” , ko te tikanga kua tāuta tika te taraiwa mō Mysql.

Kātahi ka hiahiatia e mātou te whirihoranga haumarutanga tuatahi o MariaDB me te whakatakoto i te kupuhipa mō te kaiwhakamahi "pakiaka" , te whakakore i te urunga mamao, me te muku i ngā pūkete manuhiri katoa.

mysql_secure_installation

I te taahiraa tuatahi, me whakauru e tātou te kupuhipa a te kaiwhakamahi "pūtake" hei uru atu ki te DBMS, pēhi rānei i te Enter mēnā kāore he kupuhipa. Nā te mea kāore he kupuhipa kua whakatakotoria mō te kaiwhakamahi "pūtake" i muri i te tāutanga, pēhi noa i te "Enter".

Kia mōhio mai, kei roto i a MariaDB āna ake pūkete kāore he pānga ki ngā pūkete pūnaha whakahaere. Nō reira, ko "root" anake te kaiwhakamahi e mahi tahi ana mātou i roto i a MariaDB.

Ā muri iho, ka tono mai te kaiwhakarite kia whakatakotoria te kupuhipa mō te kaiwhakamahi pūtake. Patohia te "Y" hei whakaū, hei whakauru hoki i te kupuhipa hou. Mō tā mātou, ko "Qwe123"

Whakautua "Āe" ki ngā pātai katoa tae noa ki te mutunga.

Kua oti te whirihora!

Nga taipitopito urunga a MariaDB:

• Takiuru: pakiaka
• Kupuhipa: Qwe123

phpMyAdmin whirihoranga

1. tāutanga

Me tāuta te toronga e tika ana mō te PHP - mbstring.

apt install php-mbstring

I roto i te putunga whaimana he putanga tawhito noa iho o phpMyAdmin, na me whakauru a ringa i te mea hou.

Whakatuwheratia te paetukutuku mana o te kaupapa " https://www.phpmyadmin.net/ " ka tikiake i te pūranga hou.

Tāruatia te pūranga ki te tūmau kei roto i te kōpaki "/var/www/sites/" mā te whakamahi i tētahi kiritaki ftp.

Wetekina te kōpaki, ka whakaingoa anō ki “phpMyAdmin” . Kaua e wareware ki te tāuta i te taputapu “wetewete” . Ka taea e koe te muku i te kōnae i muri i te wetekina o te kōnae.

apt install unzip

cd /var/www/sites/

unzip phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

mv phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages phpMyAdmin

rm phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

Waihangatia te kōpaki e whai ake nei "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/tmp" mō ngā kōnae rangitahi, ā, whakahohea te urunga mō te katoa. Ki te kore koe e mahi i tēnei, ka ripoatahia e phpMyAdmin kua whakakahoretia te urunga ki te kōpaki rangitahi.

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

mkdir tmp

chmod 777 tmp

2. Waihangatia he ingoa ingoa

I te mea ehara a phpMyAdmin i te kaihautu mariko motuhake, kei waho o te whaiaronga pakiaka, me whirihora i te ingoa ingoa.

Whakatuwheratia te kōnae "/etc/apache2/mods-available/alias.conf" ka tāpiri i tēnei rārangi:

Alias /pma “/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin"

i roto i tenei waahanga:

<IfModule alias_module>

</IfModule>

Utahia ano a Apache hei whakamahi i nga huringa.

systemctl reload apache2

Kua whakatakotoria te ingoakē, kia taea ai e tātou te uru atu ki te phpMyAdmin i konei “http://[server's_ip_address]/pma”.

3. Whakapaia te pātengi raraunga

I te mea i aukatihia e matou te whakamahi i te kaiwhakamahi pakiaka i te whirihoranga tuatahi o MariaDB, me hanga he putea hou me nga whakaaetanga katoa ka whakamahia ki te uru atu ki te phpMyAdmin.

I tua atu, kia taea ai etahi atu waahanga o te phpMyAdmin ka hiahia matou ki te patengi raraunga ratonga me tetahi kaute hei uru atu.

Me hanga e tatou nga kaute

mariadb -u root -p

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH GRANT OPTION;

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `phpmyadmin`.* TO 'pmaservice'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH grant option;

quit

Kia mōhio mai ko te ingoa pātengi raraunga i te tono tuarua kei roto i te sparks o muri "... ON `phpmyadmin` .* TO 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY …”,

I te mutunga, ka rua nga kaute i hangaia i MariaDB:

• Takiuru: pma, Kupuhipa: Qwe123Te urunga katoa, ka whakamahia hei takiuru ki phpMyAdmin
• Takiuru: pmaservice, Kupuhipa: Qwe123Ko te kaute ratonga e hiahiatia ana mo etahi atu waahanga hei mahi

I te taahiraa e whai ake nei, ka whakatakotoria ēnei taipitopito ki te kōnae whirihoranga "config.inc.php".

Kātahi ka kawemai tātou i te pātengi raraunga mai i te kōnae “phpMyAdmin/sql/create_tables.sql”.

Me kawemai ma te awhina a phpMyAdmin.

Whakatuwheratia te hononga “http://[server's_ip_address]/pma”

Tāuruhia te ingoa takiuru "pma" me te kupuhipa "Qwe123"

Haere ki te "Kawemai" , pāwhiritia te "Tīpakohia te kōnae" ka tīpako i te kōnae "sql/create_tables.sql" i roto i te whaiaronga pūtake o phpMyAdmin. Ko te tikanga kei reira te kōpaki i runga i tō rorohiko "phpMyAdmin" me ngā kōnae. Tangohia mai i te puranga mēnā e tika ana.

Pāwhiritia "Panuku" hei tīmata i te kawemai.

4. Hōutuutu

Me kape te konae whirihoranga mai i te tauira

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

Me whakatuwhera te kōnae whirihoranga "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php" ka mahi i ngā huringa e whai ake nei:

Whakatakotoria he uara matapōkere 32-pūāhua mō te huanga “$cfg['blowfish_secret']” . Whakamahia tētahi kaihanga kupuhipa mōna.

Tangohia te tuku kōrero mai i ngā rārangi katoa o te wāhanga "phpMyAdmin configuration storage settings" ka whakatakoto i te takiuru me te kupuhipa o te pūkete ratonga a MariaDB mō ngā huanga "controluser" me te "controlpass" . I roto i tā mātou take, ko pmaservice me Qwe123.

Whakaorangia o huringa.

Nga taipitopito uru mo phpMyadmin:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/pma/
• Takiuru: pma
• Kupuhipa: Qwe123

Me pehea te whakauru me te whirihora WordPress i runga i te tūmau Linux

1. Puka WordPress me nga whakatakotoranga konae

Haere ki te paetukutuku mana o WP " https://ru.wordpress.org/ " ka tikiake i te pūranga ki tō rorohiko ā-rohe.

Tukuatu te pūranga ki te tūmau ki te kōpaki "/var/www/sites/" ka wetewete ki te kōpaki "wordpress ".

Tāruatia ngā ihirangi o te kōpaki pūtake “/var/www/sites/wordpress/” o te paetukutuku “/var/www/sites/site1/” .

Nā te mea kua tāruatia ngā kōnae mā te papatohu me ngā whakaaetanga pakiaka, me whakarerekē te rangatira o te kōpaki "/var/www/sites/" tae atu ki ngā ihirangi o "virtual" . Me mahi tēnei hei whakahohe i te urunga katoa mō te hononga ftp mā te kiritaki.

cd /var/www/sites/

tar -xzvf wordpress-5.4-ru_RU.tar.gz

cp -R wordpress/* site1/

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

2. Waihangahia he paparangi mo WordPress

Takiuru ki te phpMyAdmin ka paato i te "Waihanga paatengi raraunga". Tauwhāitihia he ingoa pātengi raraunga, i roto i ta maatau "wordpress_db" ka paato i te paatene "Waihanga".

Tīpakohia te pātengi raraunga hou i te wāhanga maui, ka pāwhiri i te "Ngā Mana Motuhake"

Kātahi ka pāwhiri i te "Tāpiri pūkete kaiwhakamahi".

Whakauruhia te takiuru me te kupuhipa ( wpservice / Qwe123 ) i te matapihi e tuwhera ana, tohua "Honohia ngā mana katoa i roto i te wordpress_db" ka pāwhiri "Panuku"

I te whārangi e whai ake nei, pāwhiritia te "Whakakore katoa" hei tautuhi anō i ngā mana katoa i runga i te taumata pātengi raraunga, kātahi ka pāwhiri i te "Panuku".

3. Whirihoranga WordPress i runga i te tūmau Linux

Haere ki te whaiaronga pakiaka o to paetukutuku me te kape i te konae whirihoranga mai i te tauira

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

Whakatuwheratia te kōnae "wp-config.php" ka tāuru i ngā tawhā hononga pātengi raraunga i hangaia e mātou i te taahiraa o mua, ā, tiakina ngā huringa.

4. Tāuta CMS WordPress

Whakatuwheratia te hononga e whai ake nei i roto i te pūtirotiro “http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-admin/install.php”.

Whakakīia ngā āpure katoa, kātahi ka pāwhiri i te "Tāuta WordPress" . Whakatakotoria he ingoa kaiwhakamahi me he kupuhipa matapōkere. Mō tā mātou, ko wpadmin me Qwe123.

Ka whakamahia enei korero ki te uru atu ki te WordPress.

Kia oti te tāutanga, whakatuwheratia te hononga “http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-login.php” , tāuruhia ngā taipitopito urunga, ka takiuru ki WordPress.

Me kite koe i tetahi o nga tauira WordPress i te wharangi matua.

Kua oti te whirihoranga.

Nga taipitopito urunga WordPress:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/wp-login.php
• Takiuru: wpadmin
• Kupuhipa: Qwe123