Na-ahazi faịlụ .htaccess

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-enyocha ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke iji faịlụ .htaccess, nke dị oké mkpa maka ịkwalite SEO. Nke a faịlụ ana achi achi kwesịrị ekwesị indexing nke ibe site search engines. Anyị ga-amụta otu esi ejikwa redirects, hazie nchekwa, yana ịkwalite arụmọrụ. Na mgbakwunye, anyị ga-enye ndụmọdụ maka ịhazi faịlụ a n'onwe ya.

Gịnị kpatara .htaccess dị mkpa

Faịlụ .htaccess na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụdị "njikwa anya" maka ndị mmepe webụ na sava Apache. Ọ na-enye ngwaọrụ dị mma maka ịhazigharị paramita dị iche iche na ijikwa omume nke weebụsaịtị. Mgbe ịnweta faịlụ nhazi isi nke ihe nkesa adịghị adị (dị ka ọ na-emekarị na hosting hosting, dịka ọmụmaatụ), .htaccess na-aghọ ngwá ọrụ bara uru maka ime mgbanwe dị mkpa.

Htaccess na-adịkarị na nchekwa mgbọrọgwụ nke saịtị gị ma ọ bụ na nchekwa ndị ahụ ebe achọrọ nhazi pụrụ iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji WordPress, enwere ike ịme nhazi site na ngwa mgbakwunye Yoast SEO, nke anyị tụlere n'isiokwu na Na-ahazi robots.txt. N'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, o zuru ezu ịga na folda achọrọ ma dezie faịlụ .htaccess dị ugbu a, ma ọ bụ mepụta ya ma ọ bụrụ na emebeghị ya.

Na-ahazi faịlụ .htaccess

301 Redirect htaccess

Enwere ike iji redirect 301 na faịlụ .htaccess tụnyere ntụgharị na-adịgide adịgide na weebụsaịtị. Ọ na-agwa engines ọchụchọ na ihe nchọgharị na ibe ahụ dị ugbu a na-adịgide adịgide na adreesị ọhụrụ ma na-atụ aro imelite ibe edokọbara na ntinye aha. A na-ejikarị ntugharị dị otú ahụ mgbe ebugharị ma ọ bụ ehichapụ ibe iji chekwaa ogo ya na nsonaazụ ọchụchọ yana ibugharị ndị ọbịa na ebe ọhụrụ.

Iji mee ka redirects rụọ ọrụ, ịkwesịrị ịme ka iwu kwekọrọ na faịlụ .htaccess:

RewriteEngine on

Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ị nwere ike hazie ụdị redirection kachasị mfe:

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
Redirect 301 /old-page.html /new-page.html
</IfModule>

A yiri redirect iji Redirect-adịgide adịgide ntuziaka dị ka nke a:

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
Redirect permanent /old-page.html http://new-domain.ru/new-page.html
</IfModule>

Ndị a bụ ụzọ mbugharị kacha mfe iji hazie. Ka anyị tụlee nhazi nke na-eji ụdị redirections ndị ọzọ dị elu na nke mod_rewrite modul:

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
    
# Redirecting from one page to another
RewriteRule ^old-page.html$ http://www.example.com/new-page.html [R=301,L]

# Redirecting all traffic from one domain to another
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^oldsite.com$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.oldsite.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.newsite.com/$1 [R=301,L]
    
# Redirecting from www to non-www (or vice versa)
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.example.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://example.com/$1 [R=301,L]

# Redirecting from HTTP to HTTPS
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://www.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]

# Redirecting from one subdomain to another
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^subdomain1.example.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://subdomain2.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
</IfModule>

A 302 redirect .htaccess, na-egosi mbugharị nwa oge, na-ezute obere ugboro ugboro. Nke a bụ ọmụmaatụ nke ntọala dị otú ahụ:

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^old-page.html$ /new-page.html [R=302,L]
</IfModule>

ErrorDocument ntuziaka

Ntọala a na-enye gị ohere ijikwa ihe onye ọrụ na-ahụ mgbe njehie HTTP mere na saịtị gị. Kama ozi njehie ọkọlọtọ, ị nwere ike igosi ibe nke gị, nke ga-abụ ihe ọmụma maka onye ọbịa ma nyere ha aka ịghọta ihe merenụ. Naanị soro syntax a maka ojiji:

ErrorDocument <error_code> <URL_page>

Ọmụmaatụ,

ErrorDocument 404 /errors/not_found.html

Ọ pụtara na mgbe a 404 njehie na-eme, ibe na /errors/not_found.html a ga-emeghe. A kọwapụtara URL zuru oke n'otu aka ahụ:

ErrorDocument 500 http://example.com/errors/server_error.html

Ihe atụ a na-egosi ngosipụta nke server_error.html peeji nke na http://example.com/errors/ n'ihe omume nke a 500 njehie.

Ịgọnarị ịnweta akwụkwọ ndekọ aha saịtị

Faịlụ .htaccess nwere iwu Agọnarị mmadụ niile, nke na-enyere aka jụ ịnweta ụfọdụ nchekwa ma ọ bụ faịlụ na sava weebụ gị. Nke a nwere ike ịba uru ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ izobe ozi nkeonwe ma ọ bụ faịlụ dị mkpa sitere na ndị ọbịa saịtị iji hụ na nchekwa data.

Iji gbanyụọ ndepụta (nlele akwụkwọ ndekọ aha niile dị), ịkwesịrị ịgbakwunye ahịrị:

Options -Indexes

Ọmụmaatụ nke igbochi ohere ịnweta akwụkwọ ndekọ aha dị ka nke a:

<Directory /path_to_your_directory>
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
</Directory>

N'otu aka ahụ, ị ​​nwere ike ịgọnarị ịnweta otu faịlụ:

<Files "file.php">
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
</Files>

Ma ọ bụ maka ọtụtụ faịlụ site na ndọtị:

<FilesMatch "\.(txt|log|bak)$"> # Select the desired extensions, in the example: txt, log, bak
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
</FilesMatch>

Na-egbochi nnweta site na IP

Na-egbochi ohere site na IP na faịlụ .htaccess bụ usoro na-enye gị ohere igbochi ịnweta weebụsaịtị gị maka adreesị IP ma ọ bụ otu ha. Nke a nwere ike ịba uru ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ igbochi ịnweta saịtị gị ma ọ bụ akụkụ ya kpọmkwem maka ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ bots achọghị.

A na-eji iwu a na-egbochi otu adreesị IP:

Order Deny,Allow
Allow from all
Deny from 11.22.33.44

A na-eme igbochi ọtụtụ adreesị IP n'otu aka ahụ site na ịmegharị "jụ si"ahịrị na adreesị achọrọ.

Maka igbochi ọtụtụ adreesị IP:

Order Deny,Allow
Allow from all
Deny from 11.11.11.11/24

Iji kwe ka ịnweta naanị maka IP ndị akọwapụtara, tinye koodu:

Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from 11.22.33.44

Maka ịgọnarị ịnweta ohere zuru oke, jiri ntuziaka ahụ Agọnarị mmadụ niile, na maka igbochi adreesị site na nkpuchi, kọwaa Agọnarị site na 11.22.

Ebee, 11.22 bụ adreesị IP na ikpuchi.

Na-egbochi ndị ọbịa site na onye ọrụ-onye ọrụ

Ịgbochi ndị ọrụ site n'aka onye ọrụ-Agent na faịlụ .htaccess bụ usoro nke ịchịkwa onye nwere ike ịnweta sava weebụ gị dabere na ozi gbasara ihe nchọgharị onye ọbịa na-eji. eriri Onye ọrụ-Agent nwere data gbasara ihe nchọgharị mmadụ na-eji na-emekọrịta ihe na nkesa gị, na ekele maka ozi a, ị nwere ike igbochi ohere maka ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ.

Ụzọ a na-ejikarị egbochi site n'aka Onye ọrụ-Agent bụ iji mod_rewrite:

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Bot1 [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Bot2 [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Bot3 [NC]
RewriteRule ^.*$ - [F,L]
</IfModule>

N'ihe atụ a:

1. A na-eji RewriteCond%{HTTP_USER_AGENT} lelee eriri Onye ọrụ-Agent.
2. ^Bot1, ^Bot2, ^Bot3 bụ ihe atụ nke eriri ndị ọrụ-Agent anyị chọrọ igbochi. Ndị NC modifiers na-egosi na ntụnyere kwesịrị ịbụ ihe na-enweghị isi.
3. RewriteRule ^.*$ - [F,L] na-emetụta arịrịọ a ma ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ọ bụla RewriteCond zutere. Ọ na-eziga nzaghachi na 403 Forbidden status code (F) ma kwụsị iwu nhazi (L).

Na-echekwa na htaccess

Ịhazi caching site na faịlụ .htaccess na-enyere aka mee ka saịtị gị dị ngwa site n'ime ka ọ na-ebu ngwa ngwa maka ndị ọrụ. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka nke a: A na-echekwa ụfọdụ faịlụ, dị ka onyonyo, ụdị CSS, na script JavaScript na cache ihe nchọgharị onye ọrụ mgbe ibu mbụ gasịrị. Ugbu a ihe nchọgharị ahụ nwere ike iji faịlụ ndị a sitere na cache, kama ibugharị ha na sava ahụ oge ọ bụla onye ọrụ gara na ibe. Nke a na-ebelata oge nbudata ma melite arụmọrụ saịtị.

Tụlee ihe atụ:

# Enable caching for images for 1 month
<FilesMatch "\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|svg)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000, public"
</FilesMatch>

# Enable caching for CSS and JavaScript for 1 week
<FilesMatch "\.(css|js)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800, public"
</FilesMatch>

Maka akụrụngwa a na-emelite ugboro ugboro, n'aka nke ọzọ, ọ dị mkpa iji gbanyụọ caching:

# Excluding caching for HTML pages and XML files
<FilesMatch "\.(html|xml)$">
Header set Cache-Control "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate"
Header set Pragma "no-cache"
Header set Expires "0"
</FilesMatch>

Na-ebuli arụmọrụ saịtị

The mod_deflate na mod_gzip modul dị na Apache na-enyere aka mpịachi ozi nke ihe nkesa na-eziga na ngwaọrụ ndị ọrụ. Nke a na-eme ka faịlụ ndị ahụ pere mpe, nke na-eme ka nbudata ibe dị ngwa ngwa. Agbanyeghị, ọ dị mkpa icheta na nkwado na nhazi nke modul ndị a nwere ike ịdị iche dabere na sava gị.

Ọmụmaatụ nke iji mod_deflate modul:

<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
# Compressing text file types
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/plain
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/css
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/rss+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/javascript
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-javascript
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-httpd-php
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-httpd-fastphp
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE image/svg+xml
</IfModule>

Ọmụmaatụ maka mod_gzip:

<IfModule mod_gzip.c>
mod_gzip_on Yes
mod_gzip_dechunk Yes
mod_gzip_item_include file .(html?|txt|css|js|php|pl)$ # Enabling compression for files with extensions .html, .txt, .css, .js, .php, .pl
mod_gzip_item_include mime ^application/x-javascript.* # Enabling compression for MIME types starting with application/x-javascript
mod_gzip_item_include mime ^text/.* # Enabling compression for MIME types starting with text/
mod_gzip_item_exclude mime ^image/.* # Excluding from compression MIME types starting with image/
mod_gzip_item_exclude rspheader ^Content-Encoding:.*gzip.* # Excluding already compressed data (responses with the Content-Encoding: gzip header)
</IfModule>

Anyị tụlere ntuziaka ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Ị nwere ike mara onwe gị na ike niile nke faịlụ na akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.

Otu esi elele arụmọrụ nke faịlụ .htaccess

Iji lelee ma faịlụ .htaccess gị na-arụ ọrụ na saịtị ahụ, ị ​​nwere ike ịme usoro ndị a:

1. Ma ụma gbanwee faịlụ .htaccess na njehie. Na nzaghachi, ihe nkesa kwesịrị inye njehie. Usoro a na-egosi ma a na-etinyekarị ọrụ faịlụ na sava ahụ.
2. Lelee arụmọrụ nke mgbanwe ndị ị mere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mee obere mgbanwe na otu n'ime paramita ma chọpụta ọnụnọ mgbanwe.
3. Lelee koodu ọkwa nke ibe ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na mgbanwe ndị a metụtara nzaghachi sava ahụ. Otu esi eme nke a, anyị kọwara na mbụ n'isiokwu Koodu mperi HTTP: ndepụta njehie sava zuru oke.
4. Rụtụ aka na ndekọ ihe nkesa. Ha na-egosipụta njehie niile metụtara ọrụ nke faịlụ .htaccess.
5. Jiri ọrụ ịntanetị ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ mee nnwale.

Ọ dị mkpa ịghọta na iji lelee ọrụ nke faịlụ .htaccess, ịkwesighi ịme usoro niile ozugbo. O zuru ezu ịhọrọ usoro kachasị dabara na ndepụta ahụ wee jiri ya.

mmechi

Ịhazi faịlụ .htaccess bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa n'ịkwalite na ichekwa ihe nkesa Apache gị. Anyị enyochala ka faịlụ a si enyere aka jikwaa redirects, mpikota onu ọdịnaya, wee hụ na nchekwa. Ozugbo ị mụtara ịrụ ọrụ na .htaccess, ị ga-enweta ngwá ọrụ dị ike maka imeziwanye arụmọrụ na arụmọrụ nke weebụsaịtị.