Otu esi ahazi sava weebụ (Apache-PHP-MySQL/MariaDB) na Linux

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-enye gị ntụziaka nzọụkwụ site na otu esi ahazi ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na sava na-agba Linux. Nke mbu, ikwesiri ighota na ihe nkesa webụ nwere otutu ihe eji emekorita:

• Ihe nkesa HTTP
• ntụgharị asụsụ mmemme
• Sistemụ Njikwa nchekwa data (DBMS)

Iji jikwaa webụsaịtị gị, ị ga-achọkwa ịtọlite ​​​​usoro njikwa ọdịnaya (CMS), interface webụ maka njikwa nchekwa data, yana ịnweta FTP.

Ka anyị tụlee ịtọ ntọala Apache-PHP-MySQL (MariaDB) na Linux. Anyị ga-etinyekwa sava vsftpd ftp, phpMyAdmin - interface webụ maka njikwa nchekwa data, yana WordPress njikwa ọdịnaya.

Iji bido biko ịtụ ihe nkesa VPS or ihe nkesa raara nye. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị jiri sava mebere nwere adreesị IP static na-agba ọsọ Ubuntu Server 18.04. Ọ bụ mgbọrọgwụ onye ọrụ jisiri iwu niile.

Nhazi sava HTTP Apache

1. nwụnye

apt install apache2

Mgbe echichi mechara, mepee ihe nchọgharị wee lelee "http://[server's_ip_address]"

Ọ bụrụ na ị hụ ibe nnabata dị ka nke a na nseta ihuenyo dị n'elu, nke ahụ pụtara na sava HTTP gị na-arụ ọrụ.

2. Mepụta ibe ule

Ndekọ mgbọrọgwụ ndabere maka weebụsaịtị bụ "/var/www/html". Nke a bụ ebe ị nwere ike ịhụ ibe nnabata ị ka hụrụ. Ka anyị mepụta ndekọ dị iche "/var/www/saịtị" maka ndị ọbịa mebere na nchekwa nchekwa "/var/www/sites/site1" na ibe index nke weebụsaịtị ule gị.

cd /var/www/

mkdir -p sites/site1

echo "<H1>Welcome</H1>" > sites/site1/index.html

Na nsonaazụ faịlụ ahụ "/var/www/sites/site1/index.html" kwesịrị ịnwe naanị otu ahịrị koodu HTML:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

3. Nhazi nkesa Apache

Faịlụ nhazi nke weebụsaịtị dị "/etc/apache2/sites-dị/" katalọgụ. Ka anyị mepụta faịlụ nhazi maka onye nnabata ọhụrụ na-ewere nhazi ndabara na faịlụ ahụ "000-default.conf" dị ka ndabere.

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/

cp 000-default.conf site1.conf

Mepee faịlụ "site1.conf" ma gbanwee "DocumentRoot" àgwà. Tinye ụzọ nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gị dị ka uru, ya mere n'ọnọdụ anyị ọ bụ "/var/www/sites/site1"

N'oge a, anyị achọghị ịhazi ọrụ nke ọtụtụ weebụsaịtị, yabụ anyị nwere ike gbanyụọ webụsaịtị ndabara wee mee ka saịtị ọhụrụ ahụ nwee ike. Bugharịa nhazi nkesa iji tinye mgbanwe ndị ahụ.

a2dissite 000-default

a2ensite site1

systemctl reload apache2

Mepee njikọ "http://[s_ip_address nke nkesa]" ọzọ ma jide n'aka na kama ibe nnabata nke ndabara anyị nwere ibe ọhụrụ anyị.

Anyị emechara nhazi nke sava HTTP anyị ma anyị nwere ike ịga n'ihu na nzọụkwụ ọzọ.

Nhazi nkesa FTP

1. nwụnye

Ka anyị tinye ihe nkesa ftp anyị yana ngwugwu ọzọ "db-util", na anyị ga-achọ ịhazi ndị ọrụ mebere

apt install vsftpd db-util

2. Mepụta akaụntụ mpaghara

Ihe nkesa vsftpd na-enye anyị ohere ịhazi ikike ịnweta n'ụzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe. Maka ọrụ anyị, anyị kwesịrị ịnye ndị ọrụ ftp ihe ndị a:

• ohere zuru oke na ọdịnaya nke "/var/www/saịtị/";
• gbanyụọ ihe niile dị n'elu "/var/www/";
• njikọ na akaụntụ mebere;

Mepụta akaụntụ mpaghara "nke emebere" na-enweghị ikike nbanye mana iji nweta folda ụlọ "/var/www/". Ndị ọrụ ftp ga-eji akaụntụ a jikọọ na sava ahụ

useradd -d /var/www virtual

"Mkpọrọgwụ" ga-abụ onye nwe ya "/var/www" nchekwa na ndabara. Iji mee ka ndị ọrụ ftp gbanwee ọdịnaya nke weebụsaịtị, ka anyị gbanwee onye nwe ya "/var/www/saịtị/" gụnyere nchekwa nchekwa nke "nke emebere".

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

N'ihi ya, onye ọrụ "nke emebere" ga-enwe ike ịhụ ọdịnaya nke "/var/www/" ma dee n'ime "/var/www/saịtị/" obere nchekwa.

3. Nhazi

Nhazi isi dị na faịlụ ahụ "/etc/vsftpd.conf", ya mere ka anyị mepee ya ma dezie ya dị ka nke a:

#enable virtual users

anonymous_enable=NO

local_enable=YES

guest_enable=YES

guest_username=virtual

#configure permission

write_enable=YES

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

anon_other_write_enable=YES

anon_world_readable_only=NO

anon_umask=0022

chroot_local_user=YES

#launch settings

listen=YES

pasv_min_port=30000

pasv_max_port=30999

4. Mepụta nchekwa data

Ị ga-achọ nchekwa data iji chekwaa data nke akaụntụ mebere.

Mbụ, ka anyị mepụta faịlụ ederede dị mfe "users.txt" na n'ụlọ nchekwa na-azọpụta ohere nkọwa (nbanye na paswọọdụ) nke mebere ọrụ n'ime ọ bụla ọzọ akara. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị ga-achọ onye ọrụ mebere nwere nbanye "ftp" na paswọọdụ "Qwe123". Mgbe ahụ faịlụ ahụ ga-adị ka nke a:

ftp

Qwe123

Ka anyị mepụta nchekwa data

db_load -T -t hash -f ~/users.txt /etc/vsftpd_login.db

Ka anyị gbanwee faịlụ PAM ndabara "/etc/pam.d/vsftp" dị ka ndị a:

auth required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

account required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

Biko mara na ụzọ nke "pam_userdb.so" Ọbá akwụkwọ nwere ike ịdị iche mana ị nwere ike ịgbanwe ya ma ọ dị mkpa.

Bugharịa sava vsftpd ka itinye mgbanwe.

systemctl restart vsftpd

Anyị hazichara ihe nkesa FTP.

Nkọwa njikọ:

• ftp://[server's_ip_address]
• nbanye: ftp
• paswọọdụ: Qwe123

Nhazi nkesa PHP

1. Ntinye nke PHP

Taa ụdị PHP siri ike kachasị ọhụrụ bụ php 7.4.5 nke etinyeghị na ebe nchekwa Ubuntu gọọmentị. Ka anyị jikọọ ebe nchekwa ndị ọzọ wee wụnye ụdị PHP kachasị ọhụrụ.

apt update

apt install software-properties-common

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

apt update

apt install php7.4

2. Nyochaa

Ka PHP wee gbuo faịlụ ibe weebụ kwesịrị inwe ".php" ndọtị. Ka anyị nyegharịa ibe ule anyị aha:

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

mv index.html index.php

Tinye ahịrị php ndị a na faịlụ ahụ "/var/www/sites/site1/index.php", yabụ faịlụ ahụ kwesịrị ịdị ka nke a:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

Chekwa mgbanwe ndị ahụ wee lelee nsonaazụ na ihe nchọgharị ahụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ị hụ nsonaazụ ọrụ "phpinfo()", onye ntụgharị asụsụ PHP na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ugbu a, ka anyị gaba n'ihu nzọụkwụ ọzọ.

Nhazi MySQL (MariaDB).

1. nwụnye

Ka anyị tinye MariaDB na modul PHP maka MySQL wee bugharịa Apache.

apt install mariadb-server php-mysql

systemctl restart apache2

Weghachite ibe ule wee gaa na ngalaba PDO na tebụl nhazi PHP. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ike ịhụ ngalaba "PDO_mysql", mgbe ahụ ọ pụtara na ọkwọ ụgbọala maka Mysql arụnyere nke ọma.

Mgbe ahụ, anyị ga-achọ ịme nhazi nchekwa mbụ nke MariaDB wee tọọ paswọọdụ maka faịlụ "Mgbọrọgwụ" onye ọrụ, gbanyụọ ohere ime ime, ma hichapụ akaụntụ ndị ọbịa niile.

mysql_secure_installation

Na nzọụkwụ mbụ, anyị ga-abanye na "mgbọrọgwụ" paswọọdụ onye ọrụ iji nweta DBMS ma ọ bụ pịa Tinye ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị paswọọdụ. Ebe ọ bụ na enweghị paswọọdụ edobere maka "mgbọrọgwụ" onye ọrụ mgbe echichi, dị nnọọ pịa “Banye”.

Biko mara na na MariaDB enweelarị akaụntụ nke ya na-enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na akaụntụ OS. Yabụ na naanị onye ọrụ anyị na-akpakọrịta na MariaDB bụ "mgbọrọgwụ".

Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, onye nhazi ahụ ga-ajụ anyị ka anyị tọọ paswọọdụ maka onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ. Ụdị "Y" iji kwado ma tinye paswọọdụ ọhụrụ. N'ọnọdụ anyị, ọ bụ "Qwe123"

zaghachi "Y" nye ajụjụ ndị ọzọ niile ruo na njedebe.

Emeela nhazi!

Nkọwa ịnweta MariaDB:

• Nbanye: mgbọrọgwụ
• Koodu mpaghara:: Qwe123

nhazi phpMyAdmin

1. nwụnye

Ka anyị tinye ndọtị dị mkpa maka PHP - Mbstring.

apt install php-mbstring

N'ime ebe nchekwa gọọmentị enwere naanị ụdị phpMyAdmin emechiela, yabụ ka anyị jiri aka tinye nke ọhụrụ.

Mepee webụsaịtị gọọmentị nke ọrụ ahụ "https://www.phpmyadmin.net/” ma budata ebe nchekwa kacha ọhụrụ.

Detuo ebe nchekwa ahụ na sava dị na "/var/www/saịtị/" nchekwa site na iji onye ahịa ftp ọ bụla.

Wepụ folda ahụ ma nyegharịa ya aha "phpMyAdmin". Echefula ịwụnye ihe "kpọpuo" ịba uru. Ị nwere ike ihichapụ ebe a na-edebe ihe ochie mgbe ị wepụsịrị ya.

apt install unzip

cd /var/www/sites/

unzip phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

mv phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages phpMyAdmin

rm phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

Mepụta folda a "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/tmp" maka faịlụ nwa oge ma mee ka onye ọ bụla nweta ohere. Ọ bụrụ na ịmeghị nke a, phpMyAdmin ga-akọ ohere anabataghị na nchekwa nwa oge.

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

mkdir tmp

chmod 777 tmp

2. Mepụta utu aha

Ebe ọ bụ na phpMyAdmin abụghị onye nnabata dị iche iche ma dị na mpụga ndekọ ndekọ, ka anyị hazie utu aha ahụ.

Mepee faịlụ "/etc/apache2/mods-available/alias.conf" ma tinye ahịrị a:

Alias /pma “/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin"

n'ime ngalaba a:

<IfModule alias_module>

</IfModule>

Bugharịa Apache ka itinye mgbanwe ndị a.

systemctl reload apache2

Ahaziri ahaziri, yabụ anyị nwere ike nweta phpMyAdmin ebe a "http://[server's_ip_address]/pma".

3. Kwadebe nchekwa data

Ebe ọ bụ na anyị machibidoro iji onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ n'oge nhazi mbụ nke MariaDB, anyị ga-emepụta akaụntụ ọhụrụ na ikike niile a ga-eji nweta phpMyAdmin.

E wezụga nke ahụ, iji mee ka atụmatụ ndị ọzọ nke phpMyAdmin nwee ike, anyị ga-achọ nchekwa data ọrụ yana akaụntụ iji nweta ya.

Ka anyị mepụta akaụntụ

mariadb -u root -p

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH GRANT OPTION;

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `phpmyadmin`.* TO 'pmaservice'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH grant option;

quit

Biko mara na aha nchekwa data dị na arịrịọ nke abụọ dị n'azụ ọkụ “… ON 'phpmyadmin'.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' AKApụtara site na…”,

N'ihi ya, a ga-enwe akaụntụ abụọ emepụtara na MariaDB:

• Nbanye: pma, Paswọdu: Qwe123 ohere zuru ezu, ga-eji banye na phpMyAdmin
• Nbanye: pmaservice, Paswọdu: Qwe123Achọrọ akaụntụ ọrụ maka atụmatụ ndị ọzọ iji rụọ ọrụ

Na nzọụkwụ ọzọ, anyị ga-edozi nkọwa ndị a na faịlụ nhazi "config.inc.php".

Mgbe ahụ anyị ga-achọ ibubata nchekwa data na faịlụ "phpMyAdmin/sql/create_tables.sql".

Ka anyị jiri enyemaka phpMyAdmin bubata ya.

Mepee njikọ "http://[server's_ip_address]/pma"

Banye nbanye "pma" na paswọọdụ "Qwe123"

gaa “Bubata”, pịa "Họrọ faịlụ" wee họrọ faịlụ ahụ "sql/create_tables.sql" na mgbọrọgwụ ndekọ nke phpMyAdmin. Ekwesịrị inwe folda na PC gị "phpMyAdmin" na faịlụ. Wepụ ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ma ọ dị mkpa.

Pịa "Osote" ibido mbubata.

4. Nhazi

Ka anyị detuo faịlụ nhazi site na template

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

Ka anyị mepee faịlụ nhazi "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php" ma mee mgbanwe ndị a:

Tọọ uru mkpụrụedemede 32 na-enweghị usoro maka njirimara ahụ "$cfg['blowfish_secret']". Jiri ihe ọ bụla generator paswọọdụ maka ya..

Wepu okwu n'ahịrị niile nke "Nhazi nchekwa nhazi nhazi phpMyAdmin" ngalaba ma tọọ nbanye na paswọọdụ akaụntụ ọrụ MariaDB maka "onye njikwa" na "controlpass" àgwà ya. N'ọnọdụ anyị, ọ bụ ọrụ ọrụ na Qwe123.

Chekwaa mgbanwe ndị ahụ.

Nweta nkọwa maka phpMyadmin:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/pma/
• Nbanye: pma
• Koodu mpaghara:: Qwe123

Otu esi etinye na hazie WordPress na sava Linux

1. WordPress ngwugwu na ntinye faịlụ

Gaa na webụsaịtị WP gọọmentị "https://ru.wordpress.org/” wee budata ihe ndekọ ahụ na PC mpaghara gị.

Bulite ebe nchekwa na sava n'ime "/var/www/saịtị/" folda ma wepụ ya na "Wordpress”Nchekwa.

Detuo ọdịnaya nke "/var/www/sites/wordpress/" mgbọrọgwụ nchekwa nke "/var/www/sites/site1/" website.

Ebe ọ bụ na anyị ji ikike mgbọrọgwụ depụtaghachi faịlụ ndị ahụ site na njikwa njikwa, ka anyị gbanwee onye nwe ya "/var/www/saịtị/" nchekwa gụnyere ọdịnaya nke "nke emebere". Achọrọ nke a iji mee ka ohere zuru ezu maka njikọ ftp site na onye ahịa.

cd /var/www/sites/

tar -xzvf wordpress-5.4-ru_RU.tar.gz

cp -R wordpress/* site1/

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

2. Mepụta nchekwa data maka WordPress

Banye na phpMyAdmin wee pịa "Mepụta nchekwa data". Ezipụta aha nchekwa data aka ike, n'ọnọdụ anyị "wordpress_db" wee pịa bọtịnụ "Mepụta".

Họrọ nchekwa data ọhụrụ na ngalaba aka ekpe wee pịa "Ihe ùgwù"

Wee pịa "Tinye akaụntụ onye ọrụ".

Tinye nbanye na paswọọdụ (wpservice / Qwe123) na windo mepere emepe, lelee "Nye ohere niile dị na wordpress_db" na pịa "Osote"

Na ibe na-esote pịa "Kagbuo ihe niile" ka ịtọgharịa ihe ùgwù niile dị na ọkwa nchekwa data wee pịa "Osote".

3. Nhazi WordPress na sava Linux

Gaa na ndekọ mgbọrọgwụ nke weebụsaịtị gị wee detuo faịlụ nhazi site na template

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

Meghee "wp-config.php" faịlụ ma tinye paramita njikọ nchekwa data anyị mepụtara na nzọụkwụ gara aga wee chekwaa mgbanwe ndị ahụ.

4. Wụnye CMS WordPress

Mepee njikọ a na ihe nchọgharị ahụ "http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-admin/install.php".

Jupụta mpaghara niile wee pịa "Wụnye WordPress". Tọọ aha njirimara na paswọọdụ enweghị usoro. N'ọnọdụ anyị, ọ bụ wpadmin na Qwe123 ya mere.

A ga-eji nkọwa ndị a nweta WordPress.

Mgbe ịmechara nrụnye, mepee njikọ ahụ "http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-login.php", tinye nkọwa ohere, wee banye na WordPress.

Ị ga-ahụ otu n'ime ndebiri WordPress na isi ibe.

Nhazi ahụ agwụla.

Nkọwa nweta WordPress:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/wp-login.php
• Nbanye: wpadmin
• Koodu mpaghara:: Qwe123