Otu esi ahazi sava weebụ (Apache-PHP-MySQL/MariaDB) na Linux

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-enye gị ntụziaka nzọụkwụ site na otu esi ahazi ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na sava na-agba Linux. Nke mbu, ikwesiri ighota na ihe nkesa webụ nwere otutu ihe eji emekorita:

• Ihe nkesa HTTP
• ntụgharị asụsụ mmemme
• Sistemụ Njikwa nchekwa data (DBMS)

Iji jikwaa webụsaịtị gị, ị ga-achọkwa ịtọlite ​​​​usoro njikwa ọdịnaya (CMS), interface webụ maka njikwa nchekwa data, yana ịnweta FTP.

Ka anyị tụlee ịtọ ntọala Apache-PHP-MySQL (MariaDB) na Linux. Anyị ga-etinyekwa sava vsftpd ftp, phpMyAdmin - interface webụ maka njikwa nchekwa data, yana WordPress njikwa ọdịnaya.

Iji malite, biko nye iwu maka sava VPS ma ọ bụ sava raara onwe ya nye . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị jiri sava mebere emebere nke nwere adreesị IP na-anaghị agbanwe agbanwe nke na-agba Ubuntu Server 18.04. Onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ na-agba iwu niile.

Nhazi sava HTTP Apache

1. nwụnye

apt install apache2

Mgbe echichichara, mepee ihe nchọgharị wee lelee "http://[server's_ip_address]"

Ọ bụrụ na ị hụ ibe nnabata dị ka nke a na nseta ihuenyo dị n'elu, nke ahụ pụtara na sava HTTP gị na-arụ ọrụ.

2. Mepụta ibe ule

Ndekọ mgbọrọgwụ ndabara maka weebụsaịtị ahụ bụ "/var/www/html" . Nke a bụ ebe ị ga-ahụ ibe nnabata ị hụrụ ugbu a. Ka anyị mepụta ndekọ dị iche "/var/www/sites" maka ndị ọbịa mebere emebe na folda obere "/var/www/sites/site1" nke nwere ibe ntụaka nke weebụsaịtị nnwale gị.

cd /var/www/

mkdir -p sites/site1

echo "<H1>Welcome</H1>" > sites/site1/index.html

N'ihi ya, faịlụ "/var/www/sites/site1/index.html" kwesịrị ịnwe naanị otu ahịrị nke koodu html:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

3. Nhazi nkesa Apache

Faịlụ nhazi nke weebụsaịtị ndị a dị na katalọgụ "/etc/apache2/sites-available/" . Ka anyị mepụta faịlụ nhazi maka onye ọbịa mebere ọhụrụ site na iji nhazi ndabara site na faịlụ "000-default.conf" dị ka ntọala.

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/

cp 000-default.conf site1.conf

Mepee faịlụ "site1.conf" wee gbanwee njirimara "DocumentRoot" . Tinye ụzọ nke weebụsaịtị gị dị ka uru, yabụ n'ọnọdụ anyị ọ bụ "/var/www/sites/site1"

N'oge a, anyị achọghị ịhazi ọrụ nke ọtụtụ weebụsaịtị, yabụ anyị nwere ike gbanyụọ webụsaịtị ndabara wee mee ka saịtị ọhụrụ ahụ nwee ike. Bugharịa nhazi nkesa iji tinye mgbanwe ndị ahụ.

a2dissite 000-default

a2ensite site1

systemctl reload apache2

Mepee njikọ ahụ ọzọ "http://[address_ip_server]" wee hụ na kama ibe nnabata ndabara, anyị nwere ibe ọhụrụ anyị.

Anyị emechara nhazi nke sava HTTP anyị ma anyị nwere ike ịga n'ihu na nzọụkwụ ọzọ.

Nhazi nkesa FTP

1. nwụnye

Ka anyị wụnye sava ftp anyị na ngwugwu ọzọ "db-util" , nke anyị ga-achọ iji hazie ndị ọrụ mebere emebere

apt install vsftpd db-util

2. Mepụta akaụntụ mpaghara

Ihe nkesa vsftpd na-enye anyị ohere ịhazi ikike ịnweta n'ụzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe. Maka ọrụ anyị, anyị kwesịrị ịnye ndị ọrụ ftp ihe ndị a:

• ohere zuru oke na ọdịnaya nke "/var/www/saịtị/";
• gbanyụọ ihe niile dị n'elu "/var/www/";
• njikọ na akaụntụ mebere;

Mepụta akaụntụ mpaghara "mebere" na-enweghị ikike nbanye mana nwee ohere ịnweta folda "/var/www/" . Ndị ọrụ ftp ga-eji akaụntụ a jikọọ na sava ahụ

useradd -d /var/www virtual

"Nkpọrọgwụ" ga-abụ onye nwe folda "/var/www" site na ndabara. Iji mee ka ndị ọrụ ftp nwee ike ịgbanwe ọdịnaya nke weebụsaịtị ahụ, ka anyị gbanwee onye nwe "/var/www/sites/" tinyere folda obere nke "virtual".

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

N'ihi ya, onye ọrụ "mebere emebere" ga-enwe ike ịhụ ihe dị na "/var/www/" ma dee ya n'ime folda "/var/www/sites/".

3. Nhazi

Isi nhazi dị na faịlụ “/etc/vsftpd.conf” , yabụ ka anyị mepee ya ma dezie ya dịka ndị a:

#enable virtual users

anonymous_enable=NO

local_enable=YES

guest_enable=YES

guest_username=virtual

#configure permission

write_enable=YES

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

anon_other_write_enable=YES

anon_world_readable_only=NO

anon_umask=0022

chroot_local_user=YES

#launch settings

listen=YES

pasv_min_port=30000

pasv_max_port=30999

4. Mepụta nchekwa data

Ị ga-achọ nchekwa data iji chekwaa data nke akaụntụ mebere.

Nke mbụ, ka anyị mepụta faịlụ ederede dị mfe "users.txt" na folda ụlọ wee chekwaa nkọwa nnweta (nbanye na paswọọdụ) nke ndị ọrụ mebere emebe n'ahịrị ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị ga-achọ onye ọrụ mebere emebe nwere "ftp" na paswọọdụ "Qwe123" . Mgbe ahụ faịlụ ahụ ga-adị ka nke a:

ftp

Qwe123

Ka anyị mepụta nchekwa data

db_load -T -t hash -f ~/users.txt /etc/vsftpd_login.db

Ka anyị gbanwee faịlụ PAM ndabara "/etc/pam.d/vsftp" dị ka ndị a:

auth required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

account required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

Biko mara na ụzọ nke ọbá akwụkwọ "pam_userdb.so" nwere ike ịdị iche mana ị nwere ike ịgbanwe ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.

Bugharịa sava vsftpd ka itinye mgbanwe.

systemctl restart vsftpd

Anyị hazichara ihe nkesa FTP.

Nkọwa njikọ:

• ftp://[server's_ip_address]
• nbanye: ftp
• paswọọdụ: Qwe123

Nhazi nkesa PHP

1. Ntinye nke PHP

Taa ụdị PHP siri ike kachasị ọhụrụ bụ php 7.4.5 nke etinyeghị na ebe nchekwa Ubuntu gọọmentị. Ka anyị jikọọ ebe nchekwa ndị ọzọ wee wụnye ụdị PHP kachasị ọhụrụ.

apt update

apt install software-properties-common

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

apt update

apt install php7.4

2. Nyochaa

Iji mee ka PHP rụọ ọrụ, faịlụ ibe weebụ kwesịrị inwe ndọtị ".php" . Ka anyị nyegharịa ibe nnwale anyị aha:

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

mv index.html index.php

Tinye ahịrị php a na faịlụ “/var/www/sites/site1/index.php” , yabụ faịlụ ahụ kwesịrị ịdị ka nke a:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

Chekwa mgbanwe ndị ahụ wee lelee nsonaazụ na ihe nchọgharị ahụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ị hụ ihe si na ọrụ “phpinfo()” pụta , onye ntụgharị PHP na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ugbu a, ka anyị gaa n'ihu na nzọụkwụ ọzọ.

Nhazi MySQL (MariaDB).

1. nwụnye

Ka anyị tinye MariaDB na modul PHP maka MySQL wee bugharịa Apache.

apt install mariadb-server php-mysql

systemctl restart apache2

Megharịa ibe nnwale ahụ wee gaa na ngalaba PDO na tebụl nhazi PHP. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọta ngalaba "PDO_mysql" , mgbe ahụ ọ pụtara na arụnyere draịva maka Mysql nke ọma.

Mgbe ahụ, anyị ga-achọ ime nhazi nchekwa mbụ nke MariaDB ma tọọ paswọọdụ maka onye ọrụ "mgbọrọgwụ" , gbanyụọ ohere dịpụrụ adịpụ, ma hichapụ akaụntụ ndị ọbịa niile.

mysql_secure_installation

Na nzọụkwụ mbụ, anyị ga-etinye paswọọdụ onye ọrụ "root" iji nweta DBMS ma ọ bụ pịa Enter ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị paswọọdụ. Ebe ọ bụ na enweghị paswọọdụ edobere maka onye ọrụ "root" mgbe etinyere ya, pịa "Enter".

Biko mara na na MariaDB enwere akaụntụ nke ya nke na-enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na akaụntụ OS. Yabụ naanị onye ọrụ anyị na-emeso na MariaDB bụ "mgbọrọgwụ".

Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, onye nhazi ahụ ga-agwa anyị ka anyị tinye paswọọdụ maka onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ. Pịa "Y" iji kwado ma tinye paswọọdụ ọhụrụ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ anyị, ọ bụ "Qwe123"

Zaa "Y" n'ajụjụ ndị ọzọ niile ruo na njedebe.

Emeela nhazi!

Nkọwa ịnweta MariaDB:

• Nbanye: mgbọrọgwụ
• Koodu mpaghara:: Qwe123

nhazi phpMyAdmin

1. nwụnye

Ka anyị tinye ndọtị dị mkpa maka PHP - mbstring.

apt install php-mbstring

N'ime ebe nchekwa gọọmentị enwere naanị ụdị phpMyAdmin emechiela, yabụ ka anyị jiri aka tinye nke ọhụrụ.

Mepee weebụsaịtị gọọmentị nke ọrụ ahụ " https://www.phpmyadmin.net/ " wee budata ebe nchekwa kachasị ọhụrụ.

Detuo ebe nchekwa ahụ na sava dị na folda "/var/www/sites/" site na iji onye ahịa ftp ọ bụla.

Wepụ folda ahụ ma gbanwee aha ya ka ọ bụrụ "phpMyAdmin" . Echefula itinye ihe eji arụ ọrụ "unzip" . Ị nwere ike ihichapụ ebe nchekwa ahụ mgbe ị wepụrụ ya.

apt install unzip

cd /var/www/sites/

unzip phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

mv phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages phpMyAdmin

rm phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

Mepụta folda a "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/tmp" maka faịlụ nwa oge ma mee ka onye ọ bụla nwee ike ịnweta ya. Ọ bụrụ na ịmeghị nke a, phpMyAdmin ga-akọ na a jụrụ ikike ịnweta ya na folda nwa oge.

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

mkdir tmp

chmod 777 tmp

2. Mepụta utu aha

Ebe ọ bụ na phpMyAdmin abụghị onye nnabata dị iche iche ma dị na mpụga ndekọ ndekọ, ka anyị hazie utu aha ahụ.

Mepee faịlụ "/etc/apache2/mods-available/alias.conf" wee tinye ahịrị a:

Alias /pma “/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin"

n'ime ngalaba a:

<IfModule alias_module>

</IfModule>

Bugharịa Apache ka itinye mgbanwe ndị a.

systemctl reload apache2

Aha otutu edobere, yabụ anyị nwere ike ịnweta phpMyAdmin ebe a “http://[server's_ip_address]/pma”.

3. Kwadebe nchekwa data

Ebe ọ bụ na anyị machibidoro iji onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ n'oge nhazi mbụ nke MariaDB, anyị ga-emepụta akaụntụ ọhụrụ na ikike niile a ga-eji nweta phpMyAdmin.

E wezụga nke ahụ, iji mee ka atụmatụ ndị ọzọ nke phpMyAdmin nwee ike, anyị ga-achọ nchekwa data ọrụ yana akaụntụ iji nweta ya.

Ka anyị mepụta akaụntụ

mariadb -u root -p

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH GRANT OPTION;

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `phpmyadmin`.* TO 'pmaservice'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH grant option;

quit

Biko mara na aha nchekwa data dị na arịrịọ nke abụọ dị n'azụ na-akpali akpali "... NA 'phpmyadmin` .* IJI 'pma'@'localhost' CHỌPỤTA YA ...",

N'ihi ya, a ga-enwe akaụntụ abụọ emepụtara na MariaDB:

• Nbanye: pma, Paswọdu: Qwe123 ohere zuru ezu, ga-eji banye na phpMyAdmin
• Nbanye: pmaservice, Paswọdu: Qwe123Achọrọ akaụntụ ọrụ maka atụmatụ ndị ọzọ iji rụọ ọrụ

Na nzọụkwụ na-esote, anyị ga-etinye nkọwa ndị a na faịlụ nhazi "config.inc.php".

Mgbe ahụ, anyị ga-achọ ibubata nchekwa data site na faịlụ "phpMyAdmin/sql/create_tables.sql".

Ka anyị jiri enyemaka phpMyAdmin bubata ya.

Mepee njikọ ahụ "http://[server's_ip_address]/pma"

Tinye "pma" na paswọọdụ "Qwe123" nbanye

Gaa na "Bubata" , pịa "Họrọ faịlụ" wee họrọ faịlụ "sql/create_tables.sql" na ndekọ mgbọrọgwụ nke phpMyAdmin. E kwesịrị inwe folda "phpMyAdmin" na PC gị yana faịlụ. Wepụ ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.

Pịa "Na-esote" iji malite ibubata.

4. Nhazi

Ka anyị detuo faịlụ nhazi site na template

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

Ka anyị mepee faịlụ nhazi "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php" wee mee mgbanwe ndị a:

Debe uru mkpụrụedemede 32 na-enweghị usoro maka njirimara "$cfg['blowfish_secret']" . Jiri ihe nrụpụta paswọọdụ ọ bụla maka ya.

Wepụ okwu ndị dị na ngalaba "ntọala nchekwa nhazi phpMyAdmin" wee tinye nbanye na paswọọdụ nke akaụntụ ọrụ MariaDB maka njirimara "onye njikwa" na "onye njikwa" . N'ọnọdụ anyị, ọ bụ pmaservice na Qwe123.

Chekwaa mgbanwe ndị ahụ.

Nweta nkọwa maka phpMyadmin:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/pma/
• Nbanye: pma
• Koodu mpaghara:: Qwe123

Otu esi etinye na hazie WordPress na sava Linux

1. WordPress ngwugwu na ntinye faịlụ

Gaa na weebụsaịtị WP gọọmentị " https://ru.wordpress.org/ " wee budata ebe nchekwa ahụ na kọmputa mpaghara gị.

Bulite ebe nchekwa ahụ na sava ahụ n'ime folda "/var/www/sites/" wee wepụ ya na folda "wordpress ".

Detuo ihe dị n'ime folda mgbọrọgwụ "/var/www/sites/wordpress/" nke weebụsaịtị "/var/www/sites/site1/".

Ebe anyị depụtaghachiri faịlụ ndị ahụ site na njikwa ahụ site na ikike mgbọrọgwụ, ka anyị gbanwee onye nwe folda "/var/www/sites/" tinyere ọdịnaya nke "virtual" . A chọrọ nke a iji mee ka ohere zuru oke maka njikọ ftp site na onye ahịa.

cd /var/www/sites/

tar -xzvf wordpress-5.4-ru_RU.tar.gz

cp -R wordpress/* site1/

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

2. Mepụta nchekwa data maka WordPress

Banye na phpMyAdmin wee pịa "Mepụta nchekwa data". Ezipụta aha nchekwa data aka ike, n'ọnọdụ anyị "wordpress_db" wee pịa bọtịnụ "Mepụta".

Họrọ nchekwa data ọhụrụ na ngalaba aka ekpe wee pịa "Nrite"

Wee pịa "Tinye akaụntụ onye ọrụ".

Tinye nbanye na paswọọdụ ( wpservice / Qwe123 ) na windo mepere emepe, lelee "Nye ikike niile na wordpress_db" wee pịa "Na-esote"

Na peeji na-esote pịa "Kagbuo ihe niile" iji tọgharịa ikike niile dị na ọkwa nchekwa data wee pịa "Na-esote".

3. Nhazi WordPress na sava Linux

Gaa na ndekọ mgbọrọgwụ nke weebụsaịtị gị wee detuo faịlụ nhazi site na template

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

Mepee faịlụ "wp-config.php" wee tinye paramita njikọ nchekwa data nke anyị mepụtara na nzọụkwụ gara aga wee chekwaa mgbanwe ndị ahụ.

4. Wụnye CMS WordPress

Mepee njikọ a n'ime ihe nchọgharị ahụ "http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-admin/install.php".

Jupụta ihe niile dị n'ime igbe ahụ wee pịa "Wụnye WordPress" . Debe aha njirimara na paswọọdụ na-enweghị usoro. N'ọnọdụ anyị, ọ bụ wpamin na Qwe123 dịka o kwesịrị.

A ga-eji nkọwa ndị a nweta WordPress.

Mgbe ị mechara nrụnye ahụ, mepee njikọ ahụ "http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-login.php" , tinye nkọwa nnweta ahụ, wee banye na WordPress.

Ị ga-ahụ otu n'ime ndebiri WordPress na isi ibe.

Nhazi ahụ agwụla.

Nkọwa nweta WordPress:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/wp-login.php
• Nbanye: wpadmin
• Koodu mpaghara:: Qwe123