Sida loogu rakibo kaydka LAMP ee CentOS Stream

Maqaalkan, waxaan ku faahfaahin doonnaa habka loo rakibayo kaydka LAMP server-ka ku shaqeeya nidaamka hawlgalka CentOS Stream. Waxaad baran doontaa sida loo habeeyo qayb kasta tallaabo-tallaabo iyo sida loo xaqiijiyo shaqeynta kaydka la rakibay. Isticmaalayaasha ka shaqeeya qaybinta Debian/Ubuntu, hab la mid ah rakibidda LAMP ayaa lagu sharraxay maqaallo kale.

Xirmada LAMP waxay ka kooban tahay qalab software ah, oo ay ku jiraan nidaamka hawlgalka Linux, server-ka Apache, MySQL ama MariaDB nidaamka maareynta xogta, iyo luqadda qoraalka PHP. Qaybahani waxay si wadajir ah u wada shaqeeyaan si ay u abuuraan madal awood leh oo dabacsan si loo geeyo codsiyada webka iyo mareegaha.

Diyaarinta Macmiilka

Ka hor inta aan la bilaabin rakibidda, tallaabooyin taxane ah oo diyaarin ah waa in la qaadaa.

U beddelashada Superuser-ka

Ugu horreyntii, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad hesho mudnaanta superuser (root), maadaama amarrada intooda badan looga baahan yahay dejinta server-ka waxay u baahan yihiin oggolaansho sare. Geli amarka soo socda si aad ugu beddesho xididka isticmaalaha:

su -

Nidaamka Cusub

Marka xigta, waxaa lagu talinayaa in la cusboonaysiiyo dhammaan baakadaha lagu rakibay noocyadii ugu dambeeyay. Si aad u cusboonaysiiso, socodsii amarka:

dnf update -y

Dejinta Dabka

Si aad u hubiso amniga server-kaaga, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad habayso sharciyada gelitaanka. CentOS Stream waxay isticmaashaa firewalld si caadi ah sida nidaamka maaraynta sharciga. Hubi in firewalld la rakibay oo socdo:

systemctl status firewalld

Ka dib, fur dekedaha ay isticmaali doonaan kaydka LAMP:

HTTP (dekedda 80) ee gelitaanka shabakadda;
HTTPS (dekedda 443) ee gelitaanka mareegaha sugan;
MySQL (dekedda 3306) ee marin u helka xogta (haddii xiriir fog loo baahan yahay).

Isticmaal amarrada soo socda si aad u furto dekedahan:

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp

Sidoo kale, ku dar xeer isku xirka SSH:

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=22/tcp

Ka dib markaad ku darto dhammaan sharciyada lagama maarmaanka ah, dib u soo rog goobaha dab-damiska:

firewall-cmd --reload

Hubi in dabku si sax ah u shaqeeyo. Ku socodsii amarka soo socda si aad u aragto dhammaan sharciyada:

firewall-cmd --list-all

Rakibaadda Apache

Si loo rakibo Apache, isticmaal maareeyaha xirmada DNF. Haddii aad kaliya u baahan tahay nooca aasaasiga ah ee Apache, isticmaal amarka soo socda:

dnf install httpd -y

Marka lagu daro rakibaadda aasaasiga ah ee Apache, waxaad sidoo kale ku dari kartaa adeegyo iyo qaybo kala duwan si loo kordhiyo shaqeynta oo kor loogu qaado amniga server-ka shabakadda. Ereyga amarku waa:

dnf install additional_packages –y

Si loo rakibo adeegga oo ay la socdaan baakado dheeraad ah, amarku wuxuu u eg yahay sidan:

dnf install httpd additional_packages -y

Ka eeg dukumentiyada rasmiga ah si aad u barato adeegyada iyo modules-ka la heli karo.

Ka dib markaad rakibto Apache, bilow oo ku dar bilawga:

systemctl start httpd
systemctl enable httpd

Hubi heerka adeega adoo isticmaalaya amarka:

systemctl status httpd

Marxaladdan, waxaad furi kartaa biraawsarkaaga oo waxaad geli kartaa cinwaanka IP-ga server-ka ee barta ciwaanka. Waa inaad aragto bogga soo dhawaynta Apache, oo tilmaamaysa rakibid guul leh:

Sida caadiga ah, Apache-ka CentOS wuxuu ku yaal galka /etc/httpd . Gudaha waxaa ku yaal faylal hoosaadyo kala duwan iyo faylal loo isticmaalo habaynta iyo maaraynta server-ka.

Faylasha mareegaha, sida HTML, CSS, JavaScript, waa in lagu dhejiyaa galka /var/www/html . Dhammaan faylasha ku jira galkaan waxaa laga heli karaa cinwaanka goobtaada.

Rakibaadda MySQL

Qaybtan, waxaan ku eegi doonaa habka rakibidda iyo habaynta MariaDB ee server-ka CentOS Stream. MariaDB waa fargeeto MySQL ah oo ilaalisa la jaanqaadka MySQL laakiin waxay bixisaa waxqabad horumarsan, astaamo la xoojiyey, iyo bulsho horumariye firfircoon. Si aad u rakibto qalabka, isticmaal amarka:

dnf install mariadb-server mariadb -y

Ka dib markii la rakibo, bilow adeegga oo awood u si ay u bilaabaan nidaamka boot:

systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb

Si loo hubiyo in adeegga MariaDB uu si sax ah u socdo, isticmaal amarka soo socda:

systemctl status mariadb

MariaDB waxay bixisaa qoraal dejineed oo kuu oggolaanaya inaad ka saarto goobaha aan badbaadada lahayn oo aad ilaaliso xogta xogta. Orod

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Inta lagu jiro fulinta qoraalka, waxaa lagugu soo jeedin doonaa inaad sameyso dhowr tillaabo:

U deji erayga sirta ah ee isticmaalaha xididka (haddii aan hore loo dhigin);
Ka saar isticmaalayaasha aan la garanayn;
U diid soo gelida fog sida xidid;
Ka saar xogta macluumaadka tijaabada oo geli;
Dib u deji miisaska mudnaanta si aad u isticmaasho isbeddelada.

Waxaa lagu talinayaa in laga jawaabo si dhab ah (y) marxalad kasta.

Kadib markaad dhamaystirto dejinta hore ee amniga, waxaad ku xidhi kartaa MariaDB. Si tan loo sameeyo, socodsii amarka:

mysql -u root -p

Si loo hubiyo in MariaDB ay si sax ah u shaqeyneyso, waxaa lagu talinayaa in la abuuro xogta xogta. Ku fuli amarada soo socda gudaha MariaDB console:

CREATE DATABASE testdb;
USE testdb;
CREATE TABLE test_table (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO test_table (name) VALUES ('example data');
SELECT * FROM test_table;

Awaamiirtan ayaa abuuri doona xog cusub testdb, miis test_table, oo ku dari doona hal rikoodh. Kadib waxay soo bandhigi doonaan waxa ku jira shaxda si loo xaqiijiyo:

Hubinta in MariaDB ay si sax ah u shaqeyso

Si aad qolofka uga baxdo, adeegso amarka:

exit

Rakibaadda PHP

Kadib rakibidda Apache iyo MySQL, tallaabada xigta waa in la rakibo oo la habeeyo PHP, kaas oo mas'uul ka ah socodsiinta bogagga shabakadda firfircoon. Si la mid ah Apache, waxaad samayn kartaa rakibaadda aasaasiga ah ee PHP sidoo kale waxaad ku dari kartaa cutubyada dheeraadka ah ee lagama maarmaanka ah. Ku rakibida aasaasiga ah, adeegso amarka:

dnf install php

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaabkan, qalabka si dhif ah ayaa loo rakibay. Inta badan, rakibiddu waxay isla markiiba ku dhacdaa qaybo dheeraad ah. Aynu ku rakibno qaybo muhiim ah:

dnf install php php-cli php-mysqlnd php-json php-gd php-ldap php-odbc php-pdo php-opcache php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-mbstring php-snmp php-soap php-zip –y

Ka eeg dukumeentiyada rasmiga ah liiska buuxa ee modules-yada la heli karo. Si aad u hubiso modules-yada la rakibay, isticmaal amarka:

php -m

Si aad u hubiso nooca rakiban ee PHP, adeegso amarka:

php -v

Faylka ugu muhiimsan ee habaynta PHP wuxuu ku yaal /etc/php.ini . Fur faylkan tifaftire qoraal ah:

vim /etc/php.ini

Samee isbeddelada lagama maarmaanka ah, tusaale ahaan, deji aagga waqtiga saxda ah adoo adeegsanaya tilmaamaha date.timezone oo hagaaji cabbirrada faylka soo dejinta adoo adeegsanaya tilmaamaha upload_max_filesize iyo post_max_size. Haddii aadan hore ula shaqeyn tifaftirayaasha qoraalka console, waxaan diyaarinay maqaal kaa caawinaya inaad fahamto aasaaska la shaqeynta vim.

Ka dib markaad rakibto qalabka oo aad wax ka bedesho faylka qaabeynta, dib u bilaw adeegga Apache:

systemctl restart httpd

Si aad u hubiso shaqada, samee qoraal fudud oo soo bandhigi doona macluumaadka ku saabsan nooca PHP iyo dejimaha hadda jira. Samee fayl info.php ah oo ku jira buugga xididka server-ka shabakadda /var/www/html oo leh waxyaabaha soo socda:

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Fur shabakada internetka oo geli URL serverka oo uu ku xigo magaca faylka qoraalka tijaabada ah. Tusaale ahaan:

http://your_server_ip/info.php

Haddii wax walba si sax ah loo dejiyay, waxaad arki doontaa macluumaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan nooca PHP, settings, modules supporters, iyo in ka badan:

Ugu Dambeyn

Ku rakibida xirmada LAMP ee server-ka CentOS Stream waa tallaabo muhiim u ah abuurista shabakad shabakadeed oo la isku halayn karo. Markaad raacdo tilmaamaha, waxaad baratay sida loo habeeyo Apache, MySQL, iyo PHP, kuwaas oo lagama maarmaan u ah mareegaha firfircoon. Xirmadani waxay furaysaa fursado badan oo loogu talagalay horumarinta shabakadda, iyo daraasad dheeraad ah iyo tayayn ayaa kaa caawin doonta inaad hagaajiso waxqabadka iyo isku hallaynta server-kaaga.

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