Sida loo habeeyo server-ka shabakadda (Apache-PHP-MySQL/MariaDB) ee Linux

Maqaalkan, waxaan ku siin doonaa tilmaamo tallaabo-tallaabo ah oo ku saabsan sida loo habeeyo deegaanka shabakada server-ka ku shaqeeya Linux. Waxyaabaha ugu horreeya marka hore, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad fahamto in server-ka caadiga ah ee shabakada uu ka kooban yahay dhowr qaybood oo isdhexgalka:

• server HTTP
• turjumaan luqadda barnaamijka
• nidaamka maamulka xogta (DBMS)

Si aad u maamusho mareegahaaga waxa kale oo aad u baahan doontaa in aad dejiso nidaamka maaraynta macluumaadka (CMS), interneedka mareegaha ee maaraynta xogta, iyo gelitaanka FTP.

Aynu ka fikirno sameynta qaabeynta Apache-PHP-MySQL (MariaDB) ee Linux ee aad loo jecel yahay. Waxaan sidoo kale rakibi doonaa server-ka ftp vsftpd, phpMyAdmin - shabakad shabakadeed oo loogu talagalay maareynta xogta, iyo nidaamka maareynta macluumaadka WordPress.

Si aad u bilowdo fadlan dalbo server VPS or adeegga loo qoondeeyey. Tusaale ahaan, waxaan isticmaalnay server-ka farsamada leh oo leh ciwaanka IP static ee ku shaqeeya Ubuntu Server 18.04. Dhammaan amarrada waxaa maamulay xididka isticmaalaha.

Qaabeynta Server-ka Apache HTTP

1. Rakibaadda

apt install apache2

Marka rakibiddu dhammaato, fur browserka oo hubi "http://[server's_ip_address]"

Haddii aad ku aragto bog soo dhawayn ah oo kan oo kale ah shaashadda kore, taasi waxay la macno tahay in server-kaaga HTTP uu shaqaynayo.

2. Samee bog imtixaan

Tusaha asalka ah ee mareegaha waa "/var/www/html". Tani waa meesha aad ka heli karto bogga soo dhaweynta ee aad hadda aragtay. Aan abuurno hage gaar ah "/var/www/sites" loogu talagalay martigeliyaha farsamada iyo fayl-hoosaadka "/var/www/sites/site1" leh bogga index of your website imtixaanka.

cd /var/www/

mkdir -p sites/site1

echo "<H1>Welcome</H1>" > sites/site1/index.html

Natiijada faylka "/var/www/sites/site1/index.html" waa inuu ka kooban yahay hal sadar oo koodka HTML ah:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

3. Qaabeynta server-ka Apache

Faylasha isku xidhka ee shabakadaha ayaa ku jira "/etc/apache2/sites-la heli karo/" buugaag. Aan u abuurno faylka qaabeynta ee martigeliyaha cusub ee casriga ah oo ka qaadanaya qaabeynta caadiga ah ee faylka "000-default.conf" saldhig ahaan.

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/

cp 000-default.conf site1.conf

Furi feylka "site1.conf" oo beddel "DocumentRoot" sifo. Ku dheji jidka boggaaga sida qiimaha, sidaas darteed kiiskeena waa "/var/www/sites/site1"

Marxaladan uma baahnid in aan habeyno shaqada isku mar ah ee shabakado badan, si aan u baabi'in karno degelka caadiga ah oo aan awoodno goobta cusub. Dib u rar qaabeynta server-ka si aad u dabaqdo isbeddellada.

a2dissite 000-default

a2ensite site1

systemctl reload apache2

Fur furka "http://[server's _ip_address]" mar labaad oo hubi in halkii bogga soo dhaweynta ee caadiga ah aan haysano boggayaga cusub.

Waxaan dhameynay qaabeynta server-ka HTTP waxaanan u gudbi karnaa talaabada xigta.

Qaabeynta server-ka FTP

1. Rakibaadda

Aan rakibno server-keena ftp iyo xirmo dheeraad ah "db-util", in aan u baahan doono si aan u habayn isticmaalayaasha farsamada

apt install vsftpd db-util

2. Samee xisaab maxalli ah

Adeegga vsftpd wuxuu noo ogolaanayaa inaan u habeyno ogolaanshaha gelitaanka si aad u dabacsan. Hawlahayaga waxaan u baahanahay inaan siino isticmaalayaasha ftp kuwan soo socda:

• si buuxda u helaan waxa ku jira "/var/www/sites/";
• dami waxa kor ku yaal oo dhan "/var/www/";
• isku xirka koontada casriga ah;

Samee akoon maxalli ah "Virtual" ogolaansho la'aan la'aanteed lakin gelitaanka galka guriga "/var/www/". Koontadan waxa isticmaali doona isticmaalayaasha ftp si ay ugu xidhmaan serfarka

useradd -d /var/www virtual

"Root" noqon doona milkiilaha ah "/var/www" galka sida caadiga ah. Si loo sahlo isticmaalayaasha ftp inay wax ka beddelaan waxa ku jira mareegaha, aynu bedelno mulkiilaha "/var/www/sites/" oo ay ku jiraan fayl-hoosaadyada "Virtual".

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

Natiijo ahaan, isticmaaluhu "Virtual" awood u yeelan doonaan in ay arkaan waxa ku jira "/var/www/" oo ku qor "/var/www/sites/" qayb hoosaad

3. Qaabeynta

Qaabeynta ugu weyn waxay ku jirtaa faylka "/etc/vsftpd.conf", haddaba aan furno oo u tafatiro sidatan:

#enable virtual users

anonymous_enable=NO

local_enable=YES

guest_enable=YES

guest_username=virtual

#configure permission

write_enable=YES

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

anon_other_write_enable=YES

anon_world_readable_only=NO

anon_umask=0022

chroot_local_user=YES

#launch settings

listen=YES

pasv_min_port=30000

pasv_max_port=30999

4. Samee kaydka xogta

Waxaad u baahan doontaa xog-ururin si aad u kaydiso xogta akoonnada casriga ah.

Marka hore, aan abuurno faylka qoraalka fudud "users.txt" galka guriga oo kaydi faahfaahinta gelitaanka (login iyo erayga sirta ah) ee isticmaalayaasha khad kasta oo kale. Tusaale ahaan, waxaan u baahan doonaa isticmaale dalwaddiis ah oo la soo galo "ftp" iyo lambarka sirta ah "Qwe123". Markaas feylku wuxuu u ekaan doonaa sidan:

ftp

Qwe123

Aynu abuurno kaydka xogta

db_load -T -t hash -f ~/users.txt /etc/vsftpd_login.db

Aan wax ka beddelno faylka PAM ee caadiga ah "/etc/pam.d/vsftp" sida soo socota:

auth required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

account required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

Fadlan ogow in jidka ee "pam_userdb.so" maktabaddu way ka duwanaan kartaa laakiin waad bedeli kartaa haddii loo baahdo.

Dib u soo rar serferka vsftpd si aad isbeddelada u sameyso.

systemctl restart vsftpd

Waxa aanu dhamaynay habaynta server-ka FTP

Faahfaahinta xiriirka:

• ftp://[server's_ip_address]
• gal: ftp
• furaha: Qwe123

Qaabeynta server-ka PHP

1. Ku rakibida PHP

Maanta nooca ugu dambeeyay ee xasilloon ee PHP waa php 7.4.5 kaas oo aan lagu darin kaydka rasmiga ah ee Ubuntu. Aynu isku xidhno kaydka qolo saddexaad oo aynu rakibno nooca ugu dambeeyay ee PHP.

apt update

apt install software-properties-common

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

apt update

apt install php7.4

2. Hubso

Si PHP loo fuliyo faylka bogga shabakadda waa inuu lahaadaa ".php" kordhin. Aan bedelno boggayaga imtixaanka:

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

mv index.html index.php

Ku dar xariiqda php ee soo socota faylka "/var/www/sites/site1/index.php", markaa feylku waa inuu u ekaado sidan:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

Keydi isbeddelada oo ku hubi natiijada browserka.

Haddii aad aragto natiijada shaqada "phpinfo()", Turjubaanka PHP wuxuu u shaqaynayaa si sax ah. Hadda aan u gudubno tallaabada xigta.

Qaabeynta MySQL (MariaDB).

1. Rakibaadda

Aan ku rakibno MariaDB iyo module PHP ah MySQL ka dibna dib u soo deji Apache.

apt install mariadb-server php-mysql

systemctl restart apache2

Dib u cusboonaysii bogga imtixaanka oo aad qaybta PDO ee shaxda qaabaynta PHP. Hadii aad ka heli karto qaybta "PDO_mysql", ka dibna waxay ka dhigan tahay in darawalka Mysql si sax ah loo rakibay.

Markaa waxaan u baahan doonaa inaan sameyno qaabeynta amniga bilowga ah ee MariaDB oo aan dejino erayga sirta ah ee "Xidid" isticmaale, jooji gelida fogaanta, oo tirtir dhammaan akoonnada martida

mysql_secure_installation

Tallaabada ugu horreysa, waa inaan galnaa "xidid" erayga sirta ah ee isticmaalaha si uu u galo DBMS ama taabo Geli haddi aanu jirin eray sir ah Maadaama aysan jirin furaha sirta ah ee loo dejiyay "xidid" user ka dib markii la rakibo, kaliya riix "Gali".

Fadlan la soco in MariaDB ay horeba uga jireen xisaabaadyo u gaar ah oo aan shaqo ku lahayn xisaabaadka OS. Markaa isticmaale kaliya ee aan kula macaamilno MariaDB waa "xidid".

Taas ka dib, qaabeeyaha ayaa na waydiin doona inaan dejino erayga sirta ah ee isticmaalaha xididka. Nooca "Y" si loo xaqiijiyo oo loo galo erayga sirta ah ee cusub. Xaaladeena, waa "Qwe123"

Reply "Y" dhammaan su'aalaha kale ilaa dhamaadka.

Habaynta waa la sameeyay!

Faahfaahinta gelitaanka MariaDB:

• Login: xidid
• Furaha: Qwe123

qaabeynta phpMyAdmin

1. Rakibaadda

Aynu rakibno kordhinta lagama maarmaanka u ah PHP - mbstring.

apt install php-mbstring

Kaydka rasmiga ah waxaa jira kaliya nooc duugoobay oo ah phpMyAdmin, markaa aan ku rakibno kan cusub gacanta.

Fur website-ka rasmiga ah ee mashruucahttps://www.phpmyadmin.net/” oo soo deji kaydkii ugu dambeeyay.

Ku koobbi kaydka server-ka ku jira "/var/www/sites/" folder isticmaalaya macmiil ftp kasta.

Ka saar faylka oo dib ugu magacow "phpMyAdmin". Ha ilaawin inaad rakibto "ka fur" utility. Waad tirtiri kartaa kaydka ka dib markaad kaydiso

apt install unzip

cd /var/www/sites/

unzip phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

mv phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages phpMyAdmin

rm phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

Samee galkan soo socda "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/tmp" faylalka ku meel gaadhka ah oo awood u geli qof walba. Haddii aadan tan samayn, phpMyAdmin ayaa ka warbixin doonta gelitaanka loo diiday galka ku meel gaarka ah.

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

mkdir tmp

chmod 777 tmp

2. Abuur magac u yaal

Maaddaama phpMyAdmin aysan ahayn marti-geliyaha khaaska ah ee gaarka ah oo ay ku yaalliin meel ka baxsan tusaha xididka, aynu habeyno alias-ka.

Furi feylka "/etc/apache2/mods-available/alias.conf" kuna dar xariiqan:

Alias /pma “/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin"

gudaha qaybtan:

<IfModule alias_module>

</IfModule>

Dib u rar Apache si aad u isticmaasho isbeddelada

systemctl reload apache2

Alias ​​waa la dejiyay, si aan halkan ugu galno phpMyAdmin "http://[server's_ip_address]/pma".

3. Diyaari keydka macluumaadka

Maadaama aan xaddidnay isticmaalka xididka isticmaalaha inta lagu jiro qaabeynta bilowga ah ee MariaDB, waa inaan abuurnaa xisaab cusub oo leh dhammaan rukhsadaha loo isticmaali doono gelitaanka phpMyAdmin.

Ka sokow, si aan awood ugu yeesho sifooyin dheeri ah oo phpMyAdmin ah waxaan u baahan doonaa keydka adeega iyo akoon si aan u galno.

Aan abuurno xisaabaadka

mariadb -u root -p

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH GRANT OPTION;

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `phpmyadmin`.* TO 'pmaservice'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH grant option;

quit

Fadlan la soco in magaca keydka macluumaadka ee codsiga labaad uu ku jiro dhinbiil dambe “… ON 'phpmyadmin'.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' waxaa lagu aqoonsaday…”,

Natiijada, waxaa jiri doona laba akoon oo laga abuuray MariaDB:

• Gal: pma, Password: Qwe123 Gelitaan buuxa, ayaa loo isticmaali doonaa si loo galo phpMyAdmin
• Soo gal: pmaservice, Password: Qwe123 Koontada adeega ayaa looga baahan yahay sifooyin dheeri ah si ay u shaqeyso

Tallaabada xigta, waxaan ku dhejin doonaa faahfaahintan faylka qaabeynta "config.inc.php".

Markaa waxaan u baahan doonaa inaan ka soo dejino xogta xogta faylka "phpMyAdmin/sql/create_tables.sql".

Aan soo dajino anagoo kaashanayna phpMyAdmin.

Fur furka "http://[server's_ip_address]/pma"

Gal soo gal "pma" iyo lambarka sirta ah "Qwe123"

Tag "Soo deji", guji "Dooro faylka" oo dooro faylka "sql/abuur_miisaska.sql" ee tusaha xididka phpMyAdmin. Waxaa loo malaynayaa inuu ku jiro galka kombayutarkaga "phpMyAdmin" oo leh faylal. Ka saar kaydka haddii loo baahdo.

Riix “Xiga” in la bilaabo soo dejinta.

4. Qaabeynta

Aynu ka koobiyayno faylka qaabaynta qaab-dhismeedka

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

Aan furno faylka qaabeynta "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php" oo samee isbedelada soo socda:

U deji sifada qiime aan toos ahayn oo ka kooban 32 xaraf "$cfg['blowfish_secret']". U isticmaal furaha sirta ah kasta

Ka saar faallooyinka dhammaan saadka "phpMyAdmin dejinta kaydinta qaabeynta" qaybta oo deji galitaanka iyo erayga sirta ah ee koontada adeegga MariaDB ee "controluser" iyo "controlpass" sifooyinka ku habboon. Xaaladeena, waa adeega caadiga ah iyo Qwe123.

Kaydi isbeddelada.

Faahfaahinta gelitaanka phpMyadmin:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/pma/
• Soo gal: pma
• Furaha: Qwe123

Sida loo rakibo loona habeeyo WordPress server Linux ah

1. Xidhmada WordPress iyo meelaynta faylasha

Aad bogga rasmiga ah ee WP "https://ru.wordpress.org/” oo soo deji kaydka kombayutarka deegaankaaga.

U soo rar kaydka serverka gudaha "/var/www/sites/" Gal oo u soo saar galka "wordpressGalka

Nuqul ka koobbi waxa ku jira "/var/www/sites/wordpress/" root folder ee "/var/www/sites/site1/" website.

Tan iyo markii aan koobiyeynay faylalka via console-ka leh rukhsad xidid, aynu beddelo milkiilaha ah "/var/www/sites/" gal oo ay ku jiraan waxa ku jira "Virtual". Tan waxa loo baahan yahay si ay awood buuxda ugu yeelato xidhiidhka ftp ee macmiilka.

cd /var/www/sites/

tar -xzvf wordpress-5.4-ru_RU.tar.gz

cp -R wordpress/* site1/

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

2. U samee database-ka WordPress

Gal phpMyAdmin oo guji "Create database". Sheeg magaca xogta aan sabab lahayn, xaaladeena "wordpress_db" oo dhagsii badhanka "Create".

Dooro xogta cusub ee qaybta bidix oo guji "Mudnaannada"

Kadib guji "Ku dar koontada isticmaalaha".

Geli galitaanka iyo erayga sirta ah (wpservice / Qwe123) daaqada furan, hubi "Sii dhammaan mudnaanta wordpress_db" oo guji “Xiga”

Bogga xiga guji "Dhammaan tirtir" si dib loogu habeeyo dhammaan mudnaanta heerka xogta oo guji “Xiga”.

3. Qaabeynta WordPress ee server Linux ah

Tag tusaha xididka degelkaaga oo nuqul ka nuqul ka samee faylka qaabeynta

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

Fur fur "wp-config.php" gal oo geli xuduudaha isku xirka xogta xogta ee aan ku abuurnay talabadi hore oo badbaadi isbedelada.

4. Ku rakib CMS WordPress

Fur xiriiriyaha soo socda browserka "http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-admin/install.php".

Buuxi dhammaan goobaha oo guji "Ku rakib WordPress". Deji magac isticmaale iyo erayga sirta ah ee aan tooska ahayn. Xaaladeena, waa wbadmin iyo Qwe123 sida ku habboon.

Faahfaahintan waxaa loo isticmaali doonaa si loo galo WordPress.

Kadib markaad dhameysato rakibidda, fur xiriirka "http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-login.php", geli faahfaahinta gelitaanka, oo gal WordPress.

Waa inaad ku aragtaa mid ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka WordPress ee bogga ugu weyn.

Habayntu waa dhammaatay

Faahfaahinta gelitaanka WordPress:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/wp-login.php
• Gal: wbadmin
• Furaha: Qwe123