Bii o ṣe le tunto olupin wẹẹbu kan (Apache-PHP-MySQL/MariaDB) lori Lainos

Ninu nkan yii, a yoo fun ọ ni awọn ilana igbesẹ-nipasẹ-igbesẹ lori bii o ṣe le tunto agbegbe wẹẹbu lori olupin ti n ṣiṣẹ Linux. Ohun akọkọ ni akọkọ, o nilo lati ni oye pe olupin wẹẹbu aṣoju kan ni awọn paati ibaraenisepo diẹ:

• HTTP olupin
• onitumọ ede siseto
• Eto iṣakoso data data (DBMS)

Lati ṣakoso oju opo wẹẹbu rẹ iwọ yoo tun nilo lati ṣeto eto iṣakoso akoonu (CMS), wiwo wẹẹbu kan fun iṣakoso data data, ati iwọle FTP.

Jẹ ki a gbero siseto atunto olokiki pupọ Apache-PHP-MySQL(MariaDB) lori Lainos. A yoo tun fi sori ẹrọ olupin ftp vsftpd, phpMyAdmin - wiwo wẹẹbu kan fun iṣakoso data data, ati eto iṣakoso akoonu ni Wodupiresi.

Jọwọ lati bẹrẹ paṣẹ olupin VPS or olupin ifiṣootọ. Fun apẹẹrẹ a lo olupin foju kan pẹlu adiresi IP aimi ti nṣiṣẹ Ubuntu Server 18.04. Gbogbo awọn aṣẹ ni o ṣiṣẹ nipasẹ olumulo root.

Afun HTTP Server iṣeto ni

1. Fifi sori

apt install apache2

Nigbati fifi sori ẹrọ ti pari, ṣii ẹrọ aṣawakiri kan ki o ṣayẹwo "http://[server's_ip_address]"

Ti o ba rii oju-iwe itẹwọgba bii eyi lori sikirinifoto loke, iyẹn tumọ si pe olupin HTTP rẹ n ṣiṣẹ.

2. Ṣẹda oju-iwe idanwo kan

Itọsọna gbongbo aiyipada fun oju opo wẹẹbu jẹ "/var/www/html". Eyi ni ibiti o ti le rii oju-iwe itẹwọgba ti o kan rii. Jẹ ká ṣẹda kan lọtọ liana "/var/www/ojula" fun foju ogun ati ki o kan folda "/var/www/sites/site1" pẹlu oju-iwe atọka ti oju opo wẹẹbu idanwo rẹ.

cd /var/www/

mkdir -p sites/site1

echo "<H1>Welcome</H1>" > sites/site1/index.html

Ni abajade, faili naa "/var/www/sites/site1/index.html" yẹ ki o ni laini kan nikan ti koodu html:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

3. Afun olupin iṣeto ni

Awọn faili atunto ti awọn oju opo wẹẹbu wa ninu "/etc/apache2/sites-wa/" katalogi. Jẹ ki ká ṣẹda iṣeto ni faili fun titun kan foju ogun mu awọn aiyipada iṣeto ni lati awọn faili "000-default.conf" bi ipilẹ.

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/

cp 000-default.conf site1.conf

Šii faili naa "site1.conf" ki o si yipada "Root iwe" ikalara. Fi ọna ti oju opo wẹẹbu rẹ bi iye, nitorinaa ninu ọran wa o jẹ "/var/www/sites/site1"

Ni ipele yii a ko nilo lati tunto iṣẹ igbakọọkan ti awọn oju opo wẹẹbu lọpọlọpọ, nitorinaa a le mu oju opo wẹẹbu aiyipada ṣiṣẹ ki o mu aaye tuntun ṣiṣẹ. Tun atunto olupin sori ẹrọ lati lo awọn ayipada.

a2dissite 000-default

a2ensite site1

systemctl reload apache2

Ṣii asopọ "http://[adirẹsi_ip_olupin]" lẹẹkansi ati rii daju pe dipo oju-iwe itẹwọgba aiyipada a ni oju-iwe tuntun wa.

A pari iṣeto ti olupin HTTP wa ati pe a le tẹsiwaju si igbesẹ ti n tẹle.

FTP olupin iṣeto ni

1. Fifi sori

Jẹ ki a fi olupin ftp wa sori ẹrọ ati package afikun kan "db-util", pe a yoo nilo lati tunto awọn olumulo foju

apt install vsftpd db-util

2. Ṣẹda iroyin agbegbe

Olupin vsftpd gba wa laaye lati tunto awọn igbanilaaye iwọle ni ọna ti o rọ pupọ. Fun awọn iṣẹ ṣiṣe wa a nilo lati pese awọn olumulo ftp pẹlu atẹle naa:

• ni kikun wiwọle si awọn akoonu ti "/var/www/sites/";
• mu gbogbo awọn ti o ni loke "/var/www/";
• asopọ pẹlu a foju iroyin;

Ṣẹda akọọlẹ agbegbe kan “foju” laisi igbanilaaye iwọle ṣugbọn pẹlu iraye si folda ile "/var/www/". Iwe akọọlẹ yii yoo jẹ lilo nipasẹ awọn olumulo ftp lati sopọ si olupin naa

useradd -d /var/www virtual

"Gbongbo" yoo jẹ eni ti awọn "/var/www" folda nipa aiyipada. Lati le jẹ ki awọn olumulo ftp ṣe atunṣe awọn akoonu ti awọn oju opo wẹẹbu, jẹ ki a yi eni to ni pada "/var/www/sites/" pẹlu awọn folda kekere ti “foju”.

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

Bi abajade, olumulo “foju” yoo ni anfani lati wo awọn akoonu ti "/var/www/" ki o si kọ sinu "/var/www/sites/" folda inu.

3. Iṣeto ni

Iṣeto akọkọ wa ninu faili naa "/etc/vsftpd.conf", nitorina jẹ ki a ṣii ki o ṣatunkọ rẹ gẹgẹbi atẹle:

#enable virtual users

anonymous_enable=NO

local_enable=YES

guest_enable=YES

guest_username=virtual

#configure permission

write_enable=YES

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

anon_other_write_enable=YES

anon_world_readable_only=NO

anon_umask=0022

chroot_local_user=YES

#launch settings

listen=YES

pasv_min_port=30000

pasv_max_port=30999

4. Ṣẹda database

Iwọ yoo nilo aaye data kan lati tọju data ti awọn akọọlẹ foju.

Ni akọkọ, jẹ ki a ṣẹda faili ọrọ ti o rọrun "users.txt" ninu folda ile ati ṣafipamọ awọn alaye iwọle (iwọle ati ọrọ igbaniwọle) ti awọn olumulo foju sinu gbogbo laini miiran. Fun apẹẹrẹ, a yoo nilo olumulo foju kan pẹlu wiwọle "ftp" ati ọrọ igbaniwọle "Qwe123". Lẹhinna faili naa yoo dabi eyi:

ftp

Qwe123

Jẹ ká ṣẹda awọn database

db_load -T -t hash -f ~/users.txt /etc/vsftpd_login.db

Jẹ ki a ṣe atunṣe faili PAM aiyipada "/etc/pam.d/vsftp" ni atẹle:

auth required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

account required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

Jọwọ ṣe akiyesi pe ọna ti awọn "pam_userdb.so" ile-ikawe le yatọ ṣugbọn o le yipada ti o ba nilo.

Tun gbee si olupin vsftpd lati lo awọn ayipada.

systemctl restart vsftpd

A pari atunto olupin FTP.

Awọn alaye asopọ:

• ftp://[server's_ip_address]
• wiwọle: ftp
• ọrọigbaniwọle: Qwe123

PHP server iṣeto ni

1. Fifi sori ẹrọ ti PHP

Loni ẹya iduroṣinṣin tuntun ti PHP jẹ php 7.4.5 eyiti ko si ninu awọn ibi ipamọ Ubuntu osise. Jẹ ki a so ibi ipamọ ẹnikẹta kan ki o fi ẹya tuntun ti PHP sori ẹrọ.

apt update

apt install software-properties-common

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

apt update

apt install php7.4

2. Ṣayẹwo

Ni ibere fun PHP lati ṣiṣẹ faili oju-iwe wẹẹbu yẹ ki o ni ".php" itẹsiwaju. Jẹ ki a tunrukọ oju-iwe idanwo wa:

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

mv index.html index.php

Ṣafikun laini php atẹle yii si faili naa "/var/www/sites/site1/index.php", nitorinaa faili yẹ ki o dabi eyi:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

Fipamọ awọn ayipada ati ṣayẹwo abajade ninu ẹrọ aṣawakiri.

Ti o ba ri abajade iṣẹ "phpinfo()", onitumọ PHP n ṣiṣẹ daradara. Bayi jẹ ki ká tẹsiwaju si nigbamii ti igbese.

MySQL (MariaDB) iṣeto ni

1. Fifi sori

Jẹ ki a fi MariaDB sori ẹrọ ati module PHP kan fun MySQL ati lẹhinna tun Apache ṣe.

apt install mariadb-server php-mysql

systemctl restart apache2

Sọ oju-iwe idanwo naa ki o lọ si apakan PDO ni tabili iṣeto PHP. Ti o ba le ri apakan "PDO_mysql", lẹhinna o tumọ si pe awakọ fun Mysql ti fi sori ẹrọ ni deede.

Lẹhinna a yoo nilo lati ṣe iṣeto aabo akọkọ ti MariaDB ati ṣeto ọrọ igbaniwọle fun "Gbongbo" olumulo, mu wiwọle si latọna jijin, ki o si pa gbogbo awọn iroyin alejo rẹ.

mysql_secure_installation

Ni akọkọ igbese, a ni lati tẹ awọn "gbongbo" ọrọigbaniwọle olumulo lati wọle si DBMS tabi tẹ Tẹ ti ko ba si ọrọigbaniwọle. Niwon nibẹ ni ko si ọrọigbaniwọle ṣeto fun awọn "gbongbo" olumulo lẹhin fifi sori, o kan tẹ “Wọle”.

Jọwọ ṣe akiyesi pe ni MariaDB awọn akọọlẹ tirẹ ti wa tẹlẹ ti ko ni nkankan lati ṣe pẹlu awọn akọọlẹ OS. Nitorinaa olumulo nikan ti a ṣe pẹlu MariaDB ni "gbongbo".

Lẹhin iyẹn, atunto yoo beere lọwọ wa lati ṣeto ọrọ igbaniwọle fun olumulo gbongbo. Iru "Y" lati jẹrisi ati tẹ ọrọ igbaniwọle tuntun sii. Ninu ọran tiwa, o jẹ "Qwe123"

fesi "Y" si gbogbo awọn ibeere iyokù titi de opin.

Iṣeto ni ṣe!

Awọn alaye wiwọle MariaDB:

• Wọle: root
• Ọrọigbaniwọle: Qwe123

phpMyAdmin iṣeto ni

1. Fifi sori

Jẹ ki a fi itẹsiwaju pataki fun PHP sori ẹrọ - okun.

apt install php-mbstring

Ninu ibi ipamọ osise nikan ni ẹya ti igba atijọ ti phpMyAdmin, nitorinaa jẹ ki a fi tuntun sii pẹlu ọwọ.

Ṣii oju opo wẹẹbu osise ti iṣẹ akanṣe naa”https://www.phpmyadmin.net/” ati ṣe igbasilẹ iwe-ipamọ tuntun.

Da pamosi si olupin ninu awọn "/var/www/sites/" folda lilo eyikeyi ftp ni ose.

Yọ folda naa kuro ki o tun lorukọ rẹ si "phpMyAdmin". Maṣe gbagbe lati fi sori ẹrọ naa "yii kuro" ohun elo. O le pa ile-ipamọ naa rẹ lẹhin ti o ti ṣe ifipamọ silẹ.

apt install unzip

cd /var/www/sites/

unzip phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

mv phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages phpMyAdmin

rm phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

Ṣẹda folda atẹle "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/tmp" fun awọn faili igba diẹ ati mu iwọle ṣiṣẹ fun gbogbo eniyan. Ti o ko ba ṣe eyi, phpMyAdmin yoo jabo iraye si sẹ si folda igba diẹ.

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

mkdir tmp

chmod 777 tmp

2. Ṣẹda inagijẹ

Niwọn igba ti phpMyAdmin kii ṣe agbalejo foju ọtọtọ ati pe o wa ni ita ti itọsọna gbongbo, jẹ ki a tunto inagijẹ naa.

Šii faili naa "/etc/apache2/mods-available/alias.conf" ki o si fi ila yii kun:

Alias /pma “/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin"

inu apakan yii:

<IfModule alias_module>

</IfModule>

Tun Apache ṣe lati lo awọn ayipada.

systemctl reload apache2

Alias ​​ti ṣeto, nitorinaa a le wọle si phpMyAdmin nibi "http://[server's_ip_address]/pma".

3. Mura data

Niwọn igba ti a ti ni ihamọ lilo olumulo gbongbo lakoko iṣeto akọkọ ti MariaDB, a yoo ni lati ṣẹda akọọlẹ tuntun pẹlu gbogbo awọn igbanilaaye ti yoo lo lati wọle si phpMyAdmin.

Yato si, lati mu awọn ẹya afikun ti phpMyAdmin ṣiṣẹ a yoo nilo data data iṣẹ kan ati akọọlẹ kan lati wọle si.

Jẹ ká ṣẹda awọn iroyin

mariadb -u root -p

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH GRANT OPTION;

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `phpmyadmin`.* TO 'pmaservice'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH grant option;

quit

Jọwọ ṣakiyesi pe orukọ data data ninu ibeere keji wa ni ẹhin sipaki “… ON 'phpmyadmin'.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' TI A DAMỌ NIPA ...",

Ninu abajade, awọn akọọlẹ meji yoo wa ni MariaDB:

• Wọle: pma, Ọrọigbaniwọle: Wiwọle ni kikun Qwe123, yoo ṣee lo lati wọle si phpMyAdmin
• Wọle: pmaservice, Ọrọigbaniwọle: Qwe123Akọọlẹ iṣẹ naa nilo fun awọn ẹya afikun lati ṣiṣẹ

Ni igbesẹ ti n tẹle, a yoo ṣeto awọn alaye wọnyi ni faili iṣeto ni "config.inc.php".

Lẹhinna a nilo lati gbe data data wọle lati faili naa "phpMyAdmin/sql/create_tables.sql".

Jẹ ki a gbe wọle pẹlu iranlọwọ ti phpMyAdmin.

Ṣii asopọ "http://[server's_ip_address]/pma"

Tẹ wiwọle "pma" ati ọrọ igbaniwọle "Qwe123"

lọ si "Gbe wọle", tẹ "Yan faili" ko si yan faili naa "sql/ṣẹda_tables.sql" ninu itọsọna gbongbo ti phpMyAdmin. O yẹ ki o jẹ folda lori PC rẹ "phpMyAdmin" pẹlu awọn faili. Yọọ kuro ni ipamọ ti o ba jẹ dandan.

Tẹ "Itele" lati bẹrẹ gbigbe wọle.

4. Iṣeto ni

Jẹ ki a daakọ faili iṣeto ni lati awoṣe

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

Jẹ ki a ṣii faili iṣeto ni "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php" ki o si ṣe awọn ayipada wọnyi:

Ṣeto iye awọn ohun kikọ 32 laileto fun ikasi naa "$cfg['blowfish_asiri']". Lo eyikeyi olupilẹṣẹ ọrọ igbaniwọle fun ..

Yọ asọye lati gbogbo awọn ila ti awọn "Awọn eto ipamọ iṣeto ni phpMyAdmin" apakan ati ṣeto iwọle ati ọrọ igbaniwọle ti akọọlẹ iṣẹ MariaDB fun awọn "olumulo" ati "Iṣakoso ọna" eroja accordingly. Ninu ọran tiwa, o jẹ pmaservice ati Qwe123.

Fi awọn ayipada pamọ.

Awọn alaye wiwọle fun phpMyadmin:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/pma/
• Wọle: pma
• Ọrọigbaniwọle: Qwe123

Bii o ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ ati tunto Wodupiresi lori olupin Linux kan

1. Wodupiresi package ati awọn faili placement

Lọ si oju opo wẹẹbu WP osise “https://ru.wordpress.org/” ati ṣe igbasilẹ igbasilẹ naa si PC agbegbe rẹ.

Po si awọn pamosi si olupin sinu awọn "/var/www/sites/" folda ki o si gbepamo si " wordpress”Folda.

Da awọn akoonu ti awọn "/var/www/sites/wordpress/" root folda ti awọn "/var/www/sites/site1/" aaye ayelujara.

Niwọn igba ti a daakọ awọn faili nipasẹ console pẹlu awọn igbanilaaye gbongbo, jẹ ki a yi oniwun naa pada "/var/www/sites/" folda pẹlu awọn akoonu ti “foju”. Eyi nilo lati mu iraye si ni kikun fun asopọ ftp nipasẹ alabara.

cd /var/www/sites/

tar -xzvf wordpress-5.4-ru_RU.tar.gz

cp -R wordpress/* site1/

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

2. Ṣẹda a database fun ti anpe ni

Wọle si phpMyAdmin ki o tẹ “Ṣẹda data data”. Pato orukọ data data lainidii, ninu ọran wa “wordpress_db” ki o tẹ bọtini “Ṣẹda”.

Yan aaye data tuntun ni apa osi ki o tẹ "Awọn anfani"

Lẹhinna tẹ "Fi akọọlẹ olumulo kun".

Tẹ iwọle ati ọrọ igbaniwọle sii (wpservice / Qwe123) ninu window ti o ṣii, ṣayẹwo Fun gbogbo awọn anfani ninu wordpress_db ki o si tẹ "Itele"

Lori oju-iwe atẹle tẹ "Fagilee gbogbo rẹ" lati tun gbogbo awọn anfani lori ipele data ki o tẹ "Itele".

3. Iṣeto ni wodupiresi lori olupin Linux kan

Lọ si itọsọna root ti oju opo wẹẹbu rẹ ki o daakọ faili iṣeto ni lati awoṣe

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

ṣii "wp-config.php" faili ki o tẹ awọn paramita asopọ data data ti a ṣẹda ni igbesẹ ti tẹlẹ ki o fi awọn ayipada pamọ.

4. Fi sori ẹrọ CMS ti anpe ni

Ṣii ọna asopọ atẹle ni ẹrọ aṣawakiri "http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-admin/install.php".

Kun gbogbo awọn aaye ki o tẹ "Fi WordPress sori ẹrọ". Ṣeto orukọ olumulo ati ọrọ igbaniwọle laileto. Ninu ọran tiwa, o jẹ wbadmin ati Qwe123 gẹgẹ bi.

Awọn alaye wọnyi yoo ṣee lo lati wọle si Wodupiresi.

Lẹhin fifi sori ẹrọ, ṣii ọna asopọ naa "http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-login.php", tẹ awọn alaye wiwọle, ati ki o wọle si WordPress.

O yẹ ki o wo ọkan ninu awọn awoṣe Wodupiresi lori oju-iwe akọkọ.

Iṣeto ni ti pari.

Awọn alaye wiwọle Wodupiresi:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/wp-login.php
• Wọle: wpadmin
• Ọrọigbaniwọle: Qwe123