Maitiro ekugadzirisa sevha yewebhu (Apache-PHP-MySQL/MariaDB) paLinux

Muchikamu chino, tichakupa nhanho-nhanho mirairo yekuti ungagadzirisa sei webhu nharaunda pane sevha inoshandisa Linux. Chekutanga zvinhu kutanga, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti yakajairwa webhu server ine mashoma anodyidzana zvikamu:

• HTTP server
• muturikiri wemutauro wepurogiramu
• Database management system (DBMS)

Kuti utore webhusaiti yako iwe zvakare uchafanirwa kuseta yemukati manejimendi system (CMS), yewebhu interface ye database manejimendi, uye FTP kuwana.

Ngatifungei kumisikidza yakakurumbira gadziriso Apache-PHP-MySQL(MariaDB) paLinux. Isu tichaisawo vsftpd ftp server, phpMyAdmin - yewebhu interface ye database manejimendi, uye yemukati manejimendi system WordPress.

Kuti nditange ndapota odha VPS server or dedicated server. Semuenzaniso isu takashandisa sevha chaiyo ine static IP kero inomhanya Ubuntu Server 18.04. Mirairo yese yaiitwa nemushandisi wemidzi.

Apache HTTP Server kumisikidzwa

1. kugadzwa

apt install apache2

Kana kuiswa kwapera, vhura browser uye tarisa "http://[server's_ip_address]"

Kana iwe ukaona peji rekugamuchira seizvi pane skrini iri pamusoro, zvinoreva kuti sevha yako yeHTTP iri kushanda.

2. Gadzira peji rekuedza

Iyo default root directory yewebhusaiti ndeye "/var/www/html". Apa ndipo paunogona kuwana peji rekugamuchira rauchangobva kuona. Ngatigadzire dhairekitori rakasiyana "/var/www/saiti" kune chaiwo makabati uye subfolder "/var/www/saiti/saiti1" ine index peji yewebhusaiti yako yekuyedza.

cd /var/www/

mkdir -p sites/site1

echo "<H1>Welcome</H1>" > sites/site1/index.html

Muchigumisiro faira "/var/www/sites/site1/index.html" inofanira kuva nemutsara mumwe chete wehtml code:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

3. Apache server configuration

Mafaira ekugadziridza emawebhusaiti ari mukati "/etc/apache2/saiti-dzinowanikwa/" catalog. Ngatigadzirei faira yekumisikidza kune nyowani virtual host inotora iyo yekumisikidza yekumisikidza kubva mufaira "000-default.conf" sehwaro.

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/

cp 000-default.conf site1.conf

Vhura faira "saiti1.conf" uye shandura iyo "DocumentRoot" hunhu. Isa nzira yewebhusaiti yako sekukosha, saka mune yedu ndiyo "/var/www/saiti/saiti1"

Panguva ino hatidi kugadzirisa kushanda panguva imwe chete kwemawebhusaiti akawanda, saka tinokwanisa kudzima iyo default webhusaiti uye kugonesa saiti itsva. Rerodhazve sevha yekumisikidza kuti ushandise shanduko.

a2dissite 000-default

a2ensite site1

systemctl reload apache2

Vhura hukama "http://[server's _ip_address]" zvakare uye ita shuwa kuti pachinzvimbo cheiyo default yekugamuchira peji isu tine peji redu idzva.

Isu tapedza kumisikidza yedu HTTP server uye isu tinogona kuenderera kune inotevera nhanho.

FTP server kumisikidza

1. kugadzwa

Ngatiise yedu ftp server uye imwe pasuru "db-util", kuti tichazoda kugadzirisa vashandisi vechokwadi

apt install vsftpd db-util

2. Gadzira account yako

Iyo vsftpd server inotibvumira kugadzirisa mvumo yekuwana nenzira inoshanduka. Kune mabasa edu isu tinoda kupa vashandisi veftp neinotevera:

• kuwana zvizere kune zviri mukati me "/var/www/saiti/";
• dzima zvese zviri pamusoro "/var/www/";
• kubatana neiyo virtual account;

Gadzira account yemuno "virtual" pasina mvumo yekupinda asi nekuwana folda yekumba "/var/www/". Iyi account ichashandiswa nevashandisi veftp kubatana neserver

useradd -d /var/www virtual

"Root" achava muridzi weimba "/var/www" folder by default. Kuti tigone kugonesa vashandisi veftp kugadzirisa zviri mukati mewebhusaiti, ngatichinje muridzi we "/var/www/saiti/" kusanganisira ma subfolders e "virtual".

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

Nekuda kweizvozvo, mushandisi "virtual" uchakwanisa kuona zviri mukati me "/var/www/" uye nyora mu "/var/www/saiti/" subfolder.

3. Kugadziriswa

Iyo huru yekugadzirisa iri mufaira "/etc/vsftpd.conf", saka ngatiivhure tigadzirise sezvizvi:

#enable virtual users

anonymous_enable=NO

local_enable=YES

guest_enable=YES

guest_username=virtual

#configure permission

write_enable=YES

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

anon_other_write_enable=YES

anon_world_readable_only=NO

anon_umask=0022

chroot_local_user=YES

#launch settings

listen=YES

pasv_min_port=30000

pasv_max_port=30999

4. Gadzira dhatabhesi

Iwe unozoda dhatabhesi kuitira kuchengetedza data remaakaundi account.

Kutanga, ngatigadzirei faira remavara riri nyore “users.txt” muforodha yekumba uye chengetedza ruzivo rwekuwana (login uye password) yevashandisi vechokwadi mune imwe neimwe mutsara. Semuenzaniso, isu tichada mushandisi chaiwo ane login "ftp" uye password "Qwe123". Ipapo iyo faira ichaita seizvi:

ftp

Qwe123

Ngatigadzirei database

db_load -T -t hash -f ~/users.txt /etc/vsftpd_login.db

Ngatigadzirise iyo default PAM faira "/etc/pam.d/vsftp" Sezvinotevera:

auth required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

account required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

Ndokumbira utarise kuti nzira ye "pam_userdb.so" raibhurari inogona kunge yakasiyana asi unogona kuichinja kana zvichidiwa.

Rodhazve iyo vsftpd server kuti ushandise shanduko.

systemctl restart vsftpd

Takapedza kugadzirisa FTP server.

Mashoko ekubatanidza:

• ftp://[server's_ip_address]
• login: ftp
• password: Qwe123

PHP server kumisikidza

1. Kuiswa kwePHP

Nhasi iyo yazvino yakagadzikana vhezheni yePP ndeye php 7.4.5 iyo isina kubatanidzwa mune zvepamutemo Ubuntu repositori. Ngatibatanidzei chechitatu-bato repository uye tiise yazvino vhezheni yePP.

apt update

apt install software-properties-common

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

apt update

apt install php7.4

2. Tarisa

Kuti PHP iitwe peji rewebhu faira rinofanira kuva ".php" extension. Ngatipe zita repeji redu rekuyedza:

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

mv index.html index.php

Wedzera iyo inotevera php mutsara kune iyo faira "/var/www/sites/site1/index.php", saka iyo faira inofanirwa kutaridzika seizvi:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

Sevha shanduko uye tarisa mhedzisiro mubrowser.

Kana iwe ukaona mhedzisiro yebasa "phpinfo ()", muturikiri wePHP ari kushanda nemazvo. Zvino ngatipfuurirei kunhanho inotevera.

MySQL (MariaDB) kugadzirisa

1. kugadzwa

Ngatiisei MariaDB uye PHP module yeMySQL uye tozorodhazve Apache.

apt install mariadb-server php-mysql

systemctl restart apache2

Zorora peji rekuyedza uye enda kuchikamu chePDO mune iyo PHP yekumisikidza tafura. Kana iwe uchigona kuwana chikamu "PDO_mysql", zvino zvinoreva kuti mutyairi weMysql akaiswa nemazvo.

Ipapo isu tichada kuita yekutanga kuchengetedza kumisikidza yeMariaDB uye kuseta password ye "Mudzi" mushandisi, dzima kuwana kure, uye dzima maakaundi ese evaenzi.

mysql_secure_installation

Padanho rekutanga, isu tinofanirwa kupinda mu "mudzi" password yemushandisi kuti uwane DBMS kana kudzvanya Enter kana pasina password. Sezvo pasina password yakaiswa kune iyo "mudzi" mushandisi mushure mekuisa, ingo dzvanya "Pinda".

Ndokumbira utarise kuti muMariaDB matova nemaakaundi ayo asina chekuita neOS account. Saka mushandisi wega watinobata naye muMariaDB ndeye "mudzi".

Mushure meizvozvo, mugadziri achatikumbira kuti tiise password yemudzi mushandisi. Type "Y" kusimbisa uye kuisa password itsva. Muchiitiko chedu, ndizvo "Qwe123"

pindura "Y" kune mimwe mibvunzo yese kusvika kumagumo.

Configuration yaitwa!

MariaDB yekuwana ruzivo:

• Login: mudzi
• Password: Qwe123

phpMyAdmin kugadzirisa

1. kugadzwa

Ngatiisei iyo inodiwa yekuwedzera yePHP - mbstring.

apt install php-mbstring

Munzvimbo inochengeterwa zviri pamutemo pane chete vhezheni yechinyakare yephpMyAdmin, saka ngatiise iyo itsva nemaoko.

Vhura webhusaiti yepamutemo yeprojekiti "https://www.phpmyadmin.net/” uye dhaunirodha dura razvino uno.

Kopa archive kune server mu "/var/www/saiti/" folda uchishandisa chero ftp mutengi.

Vhura iyo folda uye uipe zita kuti "phpMyAdmin". Usakanganwa kuisa iyo "unzip" utility. Iwe unogona kudzima iyo archive mushure mekunge waibvisa.

apt install unzip

cd /var/www/sites/

unzip phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

mv phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages phpMyAdmin

rm phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

Gadzira iyo inotevera folda "/var/www/saiti/phpMyAdmin/tmp" yemafaira enguva pfupi uye gonesa kuwana kune wese munhu. Kana ukasaita izvi, phpMyAdmin inoshuma kupinda kwakarambwa kune folda yenguva pfupi.

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

mkdir tmp

chmod 777 tmp

2. Gadzira arias

Sezvo phpMyAdmin isiri yakaparadzana chaiyo inomiririra uye iri kunze kweiyo midzi dhairekitori, ngatigadzirise alias.

Vhura faira "/etc/apache2/mods-available/alias.conf" uye wedzera mutsara uyu:

Alias /pma “/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin"

mukati mechikamu chino:

<IfModule alias_module>

</IfModule>

Reload Apache kushandisa shanduko.

systemctl reload apache2

Alias ​​akaiswa, saka tinogona kuwana phpMyAdmin pano "http://[server's_ip_address]/pma".

3. Gadzirira dhesi

Sezvo isu takarambidza kushandisa midzi mushandisi panguva yekutanga kumisikidzwa kweMariaDB, isu tichafanirwa kugadzira account nyowani ine mvumo yese ichashandiswa kuwana phpMyAdmin.

Kunze kwezvo, kugonesa mamwe maficha ephpMyAdmin isu tichada sevhisi dhatabhesi uye account kuti tiwane iyo.

Ngatigadzirei maakaundi

mariadb -u root -p

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH GRANT OPTION;

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `phpmyadmin`.* TO 'pmaservice'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH grant option;

quit

Ndokumbira utarise kuti zita redatabase muchikumbiro chechipiri riri kumashure kumashure “… ON `phpmyadmin`.* KUNA 'pma'@'localhost' ZVINOZIVA NE…”,

Mumhedzisiro, pachave nemaakaundi maviri akagadzirwa muMariaDB:

• Login: pma, Password: Qwe123Yakazara kuwana, ichashandiswa kupinda mu phpMyAdmin
• Login: pmaservice, Password: Qwe123The service account inodiwa kuti mamwe maficha ashande

Padanho rinotevera, isu tichaisa izvi zvinyorwa mufaira rekugadzirisa "config.inc.php".

Ipapo isu tichada kuunza dhatabhesi kubva mufaira "phpMyAdmin/sql/create_tables.sql".

Ngatitorei kunze nerubatsiro rwephpMyAdmin.

Vhura hukama "http://[server's_ip_address]/pm"

Pinda pinda "pm" uye password "Qwe123"

Enda ku "Tumira", chengeta "Sarudza faira" uye sarudza faira "sql/create_tables.sql" mumudziyo dhairekitori re phpMyAdmin. Panofanira kunge paine folda paPC yako "phpMyAdmin" nemafaira. Bvisa iyo kana zvichidikanwa.

Click "Next" kutanga kupinza.

4. Kugadziriswa

Ngatikopei faira rekugadzirisa kubva patemplate

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

Ngativhure iyo configuration file "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php" uye ita shanduko dzinotevera:

Seta zvisina kurongeka 32-mavara kukosha kwehunhu "$cfg['blowfish_secret']". Shandisa chero password jenareta kwayo..

Bvisa mhinduro kubva kumitsetse yese ye "phpMyAdmin gadziriro yekuchengetedza" chikamu uye isa iyo yekupinda uye password yeMariaDB's service account ye "controluser" uye "controlpass" hunhu zvinoenderana. Muchiitiko chedu, ndizvo pmaservice uye Qwe123.

Sevha shanduko.

Svika ruzivo rwephpMyadmin:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/pma/
• Login: pma
• Password: Qwe123

Maitiro ekuisa uye kugadzirisa WordPress pane Linux server

1. WordPress package uye mafaira ekuisa

Enda kune yepamutemo WP webhusaiti "https://ru.wordpress.org/” uye dhawunirodha zvakachengetwa kuPC yako yemuno.

Isa iyo archive kune server mu "/var/www/saiti/" folda uye uibudise kune iyo "wordpress”Folda.

Kopa zviri mukati me "/var/www/saiti/wordpress/" midzi folda ye "/var/www/saiti/saiti1/" Website.

Sezvo isu takakopa mafaera kuburikidza nekoni ine midzi mvumo, ngatichinje muridzi weiyo "/var/www/saiti/" folda kusanganisira zviri mukati me "virtual". Izvi zvinodikanwa kugonesa kuwana kuzere kwe ftp yekubatanidza kuburikidza nemutengi.

cd /var/www/sites/

tar -xzvf wordpress-5.4-ru_RU.tar.gz

cp -R wordpress/* site1/

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

2. Gadzira database ye WordPress

Pinda ku phpMyAdmin uye tinya "Gadzira database". Rondedzera zita rekupokana re database, kwatiri "wordpress_db" uye tinya bhatani rekuti "Gadzira".

Sarudza dhatabhesi nyowani muchikamu chekuruboshwe uye tinya “Ropafadzo”

Zvadaro penya "Wedzera mushandisi account".

Pinda iyo login uye password (wpservice / Qwe123) muhwindo rakavhurwa, tarisa "Ipa maropafadzo ese muwordpress_db" uye baya "Next"

Pa peji rinotevera baya "Kanzura zvese" kusetazve maropafadzo ese padanho redatabase uye tinya "Next".

3. WordPress kugadzirisa pane Linux server

Enda kune midzi dhairekitori yewebhusaiti yako uye kopi iyo yekumisikidza faira kubva kune template

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

Vhura iyo "wp-config.php" faira uye isa iyo dhatabhesi yekubatanidza paramita yatakagadzira padanho rekutanga uye chengetedza shanduko.

4. Isa CMS WordPress

Vhura chinongedzo chinotevera mubrowser "http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-admin/install.php".

Zadza minda yese uye tinya "Isa WordPress". Seta zvisina kujairika username uye password. Muchiitiko chedu, ndizvo wpadmin uye Qwe123 maererano.

Mashoko aya achashandiswa kuwana WordPress.

Kana wapedza kuisa, vhura chinongedzo "http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-login.php", isa ruzivo rwekuwana, uye pinda kuWordPress.

Iwe unofanirwa kuona imwe ye WordPress templates pane huru peji.

Kugadzirisa kwapera.

WordPress kuwana ruzivo:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/wp-login.php
• Login: wpadmin
• Password: Qwe123