Maitiro ekugadzirisa sevha yewebhu (Apache-PHP-MySQL/MariaDB) paLinux

Muchikamu chino, tichakupa nhanho-nhanho mirairo yekuti ungagadzirisa sei webhu nharaunda pane sevha inoshandisa Linux. Chekutanga zvinhu kutanga, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti yakajairwa webhu server ine mashoma anodyidzana zvikamu:

• HTTP server
• muturikiri wemutauro wepurogiramu
• Database management system (DBMS)

Kuti utore webhusaiti yako iwe zvakare uchafanirwa kuseta yemukati manejimendi system (CMS), yewebhu interface ye database manejimendi, uye FTP kuwana.

Ngatifungei kumisikidza yakakurumbira gadziriso Apache-PHP-MySQL(MariaDB) paLinux. Isu tichaisawo vsftpd ftp server, phpMyAdmin - yewebhu interface ye database manejimendi, uye yemukati manejimendi system WordPress.

Kuti mutange, ndapota odhai VPS server kana dedicated server . Semuenzaniso, takashandisa virtual server ine static IP address inoshandisa Ubuntu Server 18.04. Mirairo yese yaiitwa nemushandisi mukuru.

Apache HTTP Server kumisikidzwa

1. kugadzwa

apt install apache2

Kana kuiswa kwapera, vhura browser wobva watarisa “http://[server's_ip_address]”

Kana iwe ukaona peji rekugamuchira seizvi pane skrini iri pamusoro, zvinoreva kuti sevha yako yeHTTP iri kushanda.

2. Gadzira peji rekuedza

Dhairekitori remidzi rewebhusaiti ndiro “/var/www/html” . Apa ndipo paunogona kuwana peji rekugamuchira rawangoona. Ngatigadzirei dhairekitori rakasiyana “/var/www/sites” rema virtual hosts uye subfolder “/var/www/sites/site1” rine peji re index rewebhusaiti yako yekuyedza.

cd /var/www/

mkdir -p sites/site1

echo "<H1>Welcome</H1>" > sites/site1/index.html

Mumhedzisiro yacho faira rekuti "/var/www/sites/site1/index.html" rinofanira kunge riine mutsetse mumwe chete wekodhi ye html:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

3. Apache server configuration

Mafaira ekugadzirisa mawebhusaiti ari mu "/etc/apache2/sites-available/" catalog. Ngatigadzirei faira rekugadzirisa re "virtual host" itsva tichitora gadziriro yekutanga kubva kufaira rekuti "000-default.conf".

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/

cp 000-default.conf site1.conf

Vhura faira rekuti “site1.conf” wobva wachinja hunhu hwekuti “DocumentRoot” . Isa nzira yewebhusaiti yako semutengo wayo, saka kwatiri i “/var/www/sites/site1”

Panguva ino hatidi kugadzirisa kushanda panguva imwe chete kwemawebhusaiti akawanda, saka tinokwanisa kudzima iyo default webhusaiti uye kugonesa saiti itsva. Rerodhazve sevha yekumisikidza kuti ushandise shanduko.

a2dissite 000-default

a2ensite site1

systemctl reload apache2

Vhura link inoti “http://[server's _ip_address]” zvakare uye iva nechokwadi chekuti pane peji rekugamuchira renguva dzose tine peji redu idzva.

Isu tapedza kumisikidza yedu HTTP server uye isu tinogona kuenderera kune inotevera nhanho.

FTP server kumisikidza

1. kugadzwa

Ngatiisei server yedu ye ftp pamwe ne "db-util" imwe package , yatichada kugadzirisa vashandisi vepaindaneti.

apt install vsftpd db-util

2. Gadzira account yako

Iyo vsftpd server inotibvumira kugadzirisa mvumo yekuwana nenzira inoshanduka. Kune mabasa edu isu tinoda kupa vashandisi veftp neinotevera:

• kuwana zvizere kune zviri mukati me "/var/www/saiti/";
• dzima zvese zviri pamusoro "/var/www/";
• kubatana neiyo virtual account;

Gadzira account yemuno "virtual" pasina mvumo yekupinda asi uine mukana wekupinda muforodha repamba "/var/www/" . Account iyi ichashandiswa nevashandisi ve ftp kubatanidza kune sevha.

useradd -d /var/www virtual

"Root" ndiyo ichave muridzi we "/var/www" folda. Kuti vashandisi ve ftp vagone kugadzirisa zviri mumawebhusaiti, ngatichinje muridzi we "/var/www/sites/" kusanganisira mafolda madiki e "virtual".

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

Nekuda kweizvozvo, mushandisi "virtual" achakwanisa kuona zviri mu "/var/www/" uye onyora mu "/var/www/sites/" subfolder.

3. Kugadziriswa

Chigadziro chikuru chiri mufaira rekuti “/etc/vsftpd.conf” , saka ngatirivhure torigadzirisa seinotevera:

#enable virtual users

anonymous_enable=NO

local_enable=YES

guest_enable=YES

guest_username=virtual

#configure permission

write_enable=YES

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

anon_other_write_enable=YES

anon_world_readable_only=NO

anon_umask=0022

chroot_local_user=YES

#launch settings

listen=YES

pasv_min_port=30000

pasv_max_port=30999

4. Gadzira dhatabhesi

Iwe unozoda dhatabhesi kuitira kuchengetedza data remaakaundi account.

Kutanga, ngatigadzirei faira remavara riri nyore rekuti “users.txt” muforodha repamba uye chengetedza ruzivo rwekupinda (login nepassword) rwevashandisi vepakombiyuta mune mimwe mitsara yese. Semuenzaniso, tichada mushandisi wepakombiyuta ane "ftp" nepassword yekupinda "Qwe123" . Zvadaro faira racho richataridzika seizvi:

ftp

Qwe123

Ngatigadzirei database

db_load -T -t hash -f ~/users.txt /etc/vsftpd_login.db

Ngatigadzirise faira rePAM re "/etc/pam.d/vsftp" seizvi:

auth required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

account required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

Ndapota cherechedzai kuti nzira yeraibhurari ye "pam_userdb.so" inogona kunge yakasiyana asi munogona kuichinja kana zvichidikanwa.

Rodhazve iyo vsftpd server kuti ushandise shanduko.

systemctl restart vsftpd

Takapedza kugadzirisa FTP server.

Mashoko ekubatanidza:

• ftp://[server's_ip_address]
• login: ftp
• password: Qwe123

PHP server kumisikidza

1. Kuiswa kwePHP

Nhasi iyo yazvino yakagadzikana vhezheni yePP ndeye php 7.4.5 iyo isina kubatanidzwa mune zvepamutemo Ubuntu repositori. Ngatibatanidzei chechitatu-bato repository uye tiise yazvino vhezheni yePP.

apt update

apt install software-properties-common

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

apt update

apt install php7.4

2. Tarisa

Kuti PHP iite basa, faira rewebhu rinofanira kunge riine ".php" extension. Ngatitumidzei zita idzva repeji redu rekuyedza:

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

mv index.html index.php

Wedzera mutsetse wephp unotevera kufaira "/var/www/sites/site1/index.php" , saka faira rinofanira kutaridzika seizvi:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

Sevha shanduko uye tarisa mhedzisiro mubrowser.

Kana ukaona mhedzisiro yebasa rekuti “phpinfo()” , muturikiri wePHP ari kushanda nemazvo. Iye zvino ngatiendererei kunhanho inotevera.

MySQL (MariaDB) kugadzirisa

1. kugadzwa

Ngatiisei MariaDB uye PHP module yeMySQL uye tozorodhazve Apache.

apt install mariadb-server php-mysql

systemctl restart apache2

Tangazve peji rekuyedza woenda kuchikamu chePDO chiri mutafura yekugadziriswa kwePHP. Kana ukakwanisa kuwana chikamu chinonzi “PDO_mysql” , zvinoreva kuti dhiraivha yeMysql yakaiswa nemazvo.

Zvadaro tichafanira kutanga tagadzirisa MariaDB toisa password yemushandisi we "root" , todzima remote access, todzima maakaundi ese evaenzi.

mysql_secure_installation

Padanho rekutanga, tinofanira kuisa password yemushandisi we "root" kuti tisvike paDBMS kana kudzvanya Enter kana pasina password. Sezvo pasina password yakagadzirirwa mushandisi we "root" mushure mekuisa, ingodzvanya "Enter".

Ndokumbirawo mucherechedze kuti muMariaDB matova nemaakaundi ayo asina chekuita nemaakaundi eOS. Saka mushandisi wega watinoshanda naye muMariaDB ndi "root".

Mushure meizvozvo, configurator ichatikumbira kuti tiise password yemushandisi weroot. Nyora "Y" kuti usimbise uye uise password itsva. Muchiitiko chedu, i "Qwe123"

Pindura “Y” kumibvunzo yese yasara kusvika kumagumo.

Configuration yaitwa!

MariaDB yekuwana ruzivo:

• Login: mudzi
• Password: Qwe123

phpMyAdmin kugadzirisa

1. kugadzwa

Ngatiisei kuwedzerwa kunodiwa kwePHP - mbstring.

apt install php-mbstring

Munzvimbo inochengeterwa zviri pamutemo pane chete vhezheni yechinyakare yephpMyAdmin, saka ngatiise iyo itsva nemaoko.

Vhura webhusaiti yepamutemo yepurojekiti iyi " https://www.phpmyadmin.net/ " uye dhawunirodha zvinyorwa zvitsva.

Kopa zvakachengetwa kuseva iri mu "/var/www/sites/" folda uchishandisa chero ftp client.

Bvisa folda yacho woitumidza zita idzva kuita “phpMyAdmin” . Usakanganwa kuisa chishandiso che “unzip” . Unogona kudzima archive mushure mekunge waibvisa.

apt install unzip

cd /var/www/sites/

unzip phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

mv phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages phpMyAdmin

rm phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

Gadzira forodha inotevera "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/tmp" yemafaira echinguvana uye ita kuti munhu wese akwanise kupinda. Kana ukasaita izvi, phpMyAdmin ichataura kuti forodha yechinguvana yarambidzwa kupinda.

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

mkdir tmp

chmod 777 tmp

2. Gadzira arias

Sezvo phpMyAdmin isiri yakaparadzana chaiyo inomiririra uye iri kunze kweiyo midzi dhairekitori, ngatigadzirise alias.

Vhura faira "/etc/apache2/mods-available/alias.conf" wobva wawedzera mutsetse uyu:

Alias /pma “/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin"

mukati mechikamu chino:

<IfModule alias_module>

</IfModule>

Reload Apache kushandisa shanduko.

systemctl reload apache2

Zita rekuti "Alias" ragadziriswa, saka tinogona kuwana phpMyAdmin pano "http://[server's_ip_address]/pma".

3. Gadzirira dhesi

Sezvo isu takarambidza kushandisa midzi mushandisi panguva yekutanga kumisikidzwa kweMariaDB, isu tichafanirwa kugadzira account nyowani ine mvumo yese ichashandiswa kuwana phpMyAdmin.

Kunze kwezvo, kugonesa mamwe maficha ephpMyAdmin isu tichada sevhisi dhatabhesi uye account kuti tiwane iyo.

Ngatigadzirei maakaundi

mariadb -u root -p

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH GRANT OPTION;

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `phpmyadmin`.* TO 'pmaservice'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH grant option;

quit

Ndapota cherechedzai kuti zita re database muchikumbiro chechipiri riri mu back sparks “… ON `phpmyadmin` .* KUTI 'pma'@'localhost' INOZIVISWA NE …”,

Mumhedzisiro, pachave nemaakaundi maviri akagadzirwa muMariaDB:

• Login: pma, Password: Qwe123Yakazara kuwana, ichashandiswa kupinda mu phpMyAdmin
• Login: pmaservice, Password: Qwe123The service account inodiwa kuti mamwe maficha ashande

Padanho rinotevera, tichaisa ruzivo urwu mufaira rekugadzirisa "config.inc.php".

Zvadaro tichazofanira kupinza database kubva kufaira rekuti “phpMyAdmin/sql/create_tables.sql”.

Ngatitorei kunze nerubatsiro rwephpMyAdmin.

Vhura chinongedzo chinoti “http://[server's_ip_address]/pma”

Isa "pma" uye password "Qwe123" pakupinda.

Enda ku "Import" , tinya "Sarudza faira" wobva wasarudza faira "sql/create_tables.sql" mudhairekitori remidzi yephpMyAdmin. Panofanirwa kunge paine folda iri paPC yako inonzi "phpMyAdmin" ine mafaira. Bvisa muarchive kana zvichidikanwa.

Dzvanya "Next" kuti utange kupinza.

4. Kugadziriswa

Ngatikopei faira rekugadzirisa kubva patemplate

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

Ngativhure faira rekugadzirisa "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php" toita shanduko dzinotevera:

Isa kukosha kwemavara makumi matatu nemaviri pasina kurongeka kwechinhu chinonzi “$cfg['blowfish_secret']” . Shandisa chero chinhu chinogadzira mapassword..

Bvisa makomendi kubva pamitsetse yese yechikamu che "phpMyAdmin configuration storage settings" woisa login nepassword yeMariaDB's service account ye "controluser" uye "controlpass" zvinoenderana. Muchiitiko chedu, pmaservice uye Qwe123.

Sevha shanduko.

Svika ruzivo rwephpMyadmin:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/pma/
• Login: pma
• Password: Qwe123

Maitiro ekuisa uye kugadzirisa WordPress pane Linux server

1. WordPress package uye mafaira ekuisa

Enda kuwebhusaiti yepamutemo yeWP " https://ru.wordpress.org/ " wodhawunirodha zvakachengetwa kuPC yako yemuno.

Isa dhairekitori kuseva muforodha rekuti "/var/www/sites/" wobva wabvisa muforodha rekuti "wordpress ".

Kopa zviri mu "/var/www/sites/wordpress/" root folder yewebhusaiti ye "/var/www/sites/site1/".

Sezvo takakopa mafaira kuburikidza nekombuta nemvumo yemidzi, ngatichinje muridzi weforodha rekuti “/var/www/sites/” kusanganisira zviri mu “virtual” . Izvi zvinodiwa kuti tikwanise kuwana mukana wakazara wekubatanidza neFTP kuburikidza neclient.

cd /var/www/sites/

tar -xzvf wordpress-5.4-ru_RU.tar.gz

cp -R wordpress/* site1/

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

2. Gadzira database ye WordPress

Pinda ku phpMyAdmin uye tinya "Gadzira database". Rondedzera zita rekupokana re database, kwatiri "wordpress_db" uye tinya bhatani rekuti "Gadzira".

Sarudza dhatabhesi itsva iri kuruboshwe wobva wadzvanya "Privileges"

Wobva wadzvanya "Wedzera account yemushandisi".

Isa login nepassword ( wpservice / Qwe123 ) muhwindo rakavhurwa, sarudza "Grant all privileges in the wordpress_db" wobva wadzvanya "Next"

Papeji rinotevera tinya "Cancel all" kuti udzorerezve kodzero dzese padanho re database wobva wadzvanya "Next".

3. WordPress kugadzirisa pane Linux server

Enda kune midzi dhairekitori yewebhusaiti yako uye kopi iyo yekumisikidza faira kubva kune template

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

Vhura faira rekuti "wp-config.php" wobva waisa ma parameter ekubatanidza database atakaita padanho rekare wochengetedza shanduko dzacho.

4. Isa CMS WordPress

Vhura chinongedzo chinotevera mubrowser "http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-admin/install.php".

Zadza minda yese wobva wadzvanya "Isa WordPress" . Isa zita rekushandisa nepassword zvisina kurongeka. Muchiitiko chedu, i wpadmin uye Qwe123 zvinoenderana.

Mashoko aya achashandiswa kuwana WordPress.

Kana wapedza kuisa, vhura chinongedzo chinoti “http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-login.php” , isa ruzivo rwekupinda, uye pinda muWordPress.

Iwe unofanirwa kuona imwe ye WordPress templates pane huru peji.

Kugadzirisa kwapera.

WordPress kuwana ruzivo:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/wp-login.php
• Login: wpadmin
• Password: Qwe123