Linux imhuri yakasarudzika yeanoshanda masisitimu, akagadzirwa pahwaro hweiyo kernel, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamaseva pasi rese. Iri rinokatyamadza siyana rekushandisa masisitimu rinozivikanwa nekugadzikana kusingaenzaniswi, chengetedzo, uye kuchinjika, zvichiita kuti ive mhinduro yakanaka yekugamuchira chero server. Pamusoro pezvo, Linux inonakidzwa nerutsigiro rwakapararira kubva kune vanofarira kuvandudza mukati menharaunda, ichipa huwandu hwakawanda hweakasiyana masisitimu uye maturusi eanoshanda server manejimendi uye kumisikidzwa.
Sei maseva eLinux achikwezva vanotanga? Mhinduro iri nyore - nekuda kwerezinesi remahara uye yakavhurika sosi kodhi. Wenguva dzose mushandisi-vatariri vanosarudza iyi inoshanda sisitimu kune yayo yakareruka hunhu, iyo inobatsira kune inoshanda server sosi yekushandisa, uye yayo shoma hardware zvinodiwa. Unhu uhwu hunoita kuti Linux ive sarudzo yakanaka yekuve yakagadzikana uye inoshanda sevha system mashandiro.
Chinyorwa chine chinangwa chekuongorora kuti chii chinonzi Linux uye mabhenefiti, kubata pane dzimwe nhamba, ita kuenzanisa kwakadzama neWindows Server, uye ongorora iyo huru server kugoverwa kweLinux, vachikurukura maitiro avo uye zvavanogona.
Kusvika pakuziva Linux
Muna 1991, Linus Torvalds akagadzira Linux, yakavhurika-sosi yekushandisa system. Chinhu chinocherechedzwa cheLinux kuvhurika kwayo, zvichireva kuti chero munhu anogona kuwana iyo yekushandisa system sosi kodhi, akasununguka kuchinja, uye kuwedzera mashandiro ayo zvinoenderana nezvavanofarira uye zvavanoda. Kutenda kune iyi mutemo, Linux ndeimwe yeanonyanya kudiwa mhinduro pasi rese, anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kubva kumasevha uye nharembozha kusvika kune artificial intelligence system. Makambani anotungamira eIT akaita seGoogle, Facebook, neAmazon anofarira Linux kumaseva avo, achisimbisa kukosha kwayo uye kuvimbika.
Dzimwe nhamba dzinoshamisa nezve Linux dzinosanganisira:
- Linux ndiyo base system yeanopfuura 90% yemakore zvivakwa pasi rose.
- Inenge 98% yemakomputa makuru epasirese anomhanya paLinux.
- Linux inotonga mukudzidza kwemuchina uye hungwaru hwekugadzira, ichipa simba angangoita makumi mapfumbamwe muzana emidziyo mundima iyi.
- Pamusoro pe75% yemidziyo yekuchengetedza data uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza anoshandisa Linux pamusimboti wavo.
- Parizvino, kune anopfuura mazana matanhatu akasiyana ekugoverwa kweLinux, imwe neimwe iine akasiyana maficha uye mashandiro.
Chinyorwa chinopedzisa nekukurukura yakakurumbira Linux server kugoverwa, maitiro avo, uye mashandisirwo anoshanda semhinduro dzekutanga dze vakazvitsaurira or virtual servers.
Chii chinonzi Linux Server Distributions
Pakati peLinux server masisitimu anoshanda, matatu makuru anokwikwidza anomira pachena: CentOS, Debian, uye Ubuntu, imwe neimwe yakasiyana uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevatungamiriri. Ngatitarisei pane chimwe nechimwe:
- CentOS: Yakakurumbira pakati pemabhizinesi ane zvakakosha maapplication, CentOS inozivikanwa nekugadzikana kwayo. Zvigadziriso zveSistimu zvinovavarira kuchengetedza kugadzikana uku, zvichibvumira vatariri kuti vaise zvigadziriso uye zvigadziriso pasina kuisa njodzi kugadzikana kwehurongwa. Kubva paRed Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) source codes, CentOS inoshandisa systemd yekutanga uye YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) package management system.
- Debian: Kugovera kwakasiyana-siyana kunotarisisa kugadzikana uye yemahara software, Debian inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kubva pawebhu maseva kuenda kune wega hosting. Kusiyana neCentOS, Debian inoshandisa iyo APT (Yepamberi Package Tool) package management system uye chero sysvinit or systemd yekutanga, zvichienderana neshanduro. Iyo zvakare inoumba hwaro hwekumwe kugovera kwakawanda, kusanganisira Ubuntu.
- Ubuntu: Inozivikanwa nekureruka kwekushandisa uye ine simba mashandiro, Ubuntu inopa yenguva refu yekutsigira shanduro (LTS). Yayo yakakura kusarudzwa kwepakeji mune zvepamutemo repositori inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune webhu server hosting, database management, virtualization, kana cloud computing. Ubuntu inoshandisa iyo APT package management system, defaults to systemd, uye inotsigira matekinoroji emazuva ano senge Docker uye Kubernetes.
Nekudaro, kunyangwe paine misiyano pakati pekugovera uku, ivo vanogovana zvakafanana maficha:
- Ese matatu kugoverwa ndeyemahara software ine yakavhurika-sosi kodhi, vachisimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwehurongwa.
- Vanopa yakakura repositories, kubvumira vashandisi kuwana uye kuisa mapurogiramu akasiyana-siyana uye mapakeji.
- CentOS, Debian, uye Ubuntu iva nenharaunda dzinoshanda dzevashandisi nevagadziri, kuve nechokwadi chetsigiro, zvigadziriso, uye kuchinjana ruzivo.
Nei Linux
Isu takaongorora iyo general server kugoverwa kweLinux, maitiro avo, uye nharaunda yekushandisa. Nekudaro, vazhinji vatariri vehurongwa havaone mutsauko wakakosha pakati peLinux neanozivikanwa Windows Server. Ngatitarisei tafura yekuenzanisa iyo inopa misiyano mikuru, tichifunga zvakafanotsanangurwa paramita:
| mamiriro | Windows Server | Linux Solutions |
| Source Code | vharika | Open |
| Package Management System | Windows Update, PowerShell | APT, YUM, Zypper |
| File System | exFAT, FAT32, NTFS uye ReFS | ext4, XFS, Btrfs |
| Logs | Event Viewer | syslog, systemd |
| Security System | Windows Defender, BitLocker, Windows Firewall | SELinux, AppArmor, iptables, firewalld |
| Virtualization | Hyper-V | KVM, Xen, VMware |
| Container Support | Windows Containers, Docker | Docker, Podman, Kubernetes |
| Kuchinja uye Kushanda | Mwero Pakati | High Flexibility, Modularity |
| Yechitatu-Bato Hardware Tsigiro | Oriented towards mamwe matekinoroji | Yakakura Hardware uye mutyairi rutsigiro |
Kubva patafura yakapihwa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti Windows Server ipuratifomu yakavharwa yekushanda yakagadzirirwa kunyanya nharaunda dzakanangana neMicrosoft tekinoroji. Maturusi ayo akavakirwa-mukati anopa kuenderana kwakanyanya neMicrosoft zvigadzirwa, asi zvakare anodzikamisa vashandisi mukusarudza kwavo tekinoroji.
Sezvineiwo, Linux server kugoverwa kwakavakirwa pane yakavhurika sosi uye inoshanduka. Ivo vanotsigira huwandu hwakasiyana hwemapuratifomu ehardware uye vanopa akasiyana epakeji manejimendi masisitimu, ayo anoita kuti ashande pasi rese kune akasiyana ekushandisa mamiriro.
In mhedziso
Zvinogona kutaurwa nechivimbo kuti Linux ndiyo sarudzo yeruzhinji rwevashandisi nhasi, zvisinei nemabasa avo. Ongororo yakazara yekukosha kwehurongwa munyika yanhasi yakaitwa, kusanganisira kutarisa akati wandei akakosha Linux server kugovera, nhaurirano pamusoro pezvimiro zveiyi kernel, uye kuenzanisa ongororo neiyo yakakurumbira Windows Server.
Zvinokurudzirwa kuenderera mberi nekuongorora zvinyorwa zvinoshanda muchikamu chazvino kuti uwane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kuti chii chinonzi Linux uye maficha ayo uye kudzidza mashandisiro eruzivo urwu mukuita.
