Server zviwanikwa cheki

Kana sevha yaremerwa, ingave chaiyo kana yakatsaurirwa, inoita kuti mawebhusaiti atakure zvishoma nezvishoma uye abudise zvikanganiso zvinogumbura pane zvirimo. Izvo zvinodikanwa kunyatso tarisa ma paramita ayo uye kuita ongororo yenguva yezviwanikwa kuitira kudzivirira mhedzisiro yakadaro,

Tevere, isu tichatarisa kuongorora zviwanikwa zvemunhu tichishandisa maturusi eanopa, uye kuburikidza neiyo terminal kudivi reseva. Pamusoro pezvo, isu tichatarisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa matambudziko ane chekuita nekusashanda kwehurongwa. Mirayiridzo inoshanda kune chero maseva anomhanyisa Linux OS, zvisinei nesoftware yakamisikidzwa.

Kutarisa server zviwanikwa kuburikidza neVMmanager

VMmanager virtualization chishandiso ndiyo yakapfava, asi panguva imwechete mhinduro yepasirese yekuongorora. Inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuti manejimendi anobudirira e vakazvitsaurira or virtual servers pane vazhinji vemazuva ano vanopa vanopa. Semuenzaniso, cheki ichaitwa pane vhezheni 6 yechishandiso, zvisinei, shanduro dzakapfuura dzinogona kuitawo kuongororwa kwakafanana.

Kuti uongorore, iwe unofanirwa kuenda kune iyo VMmanager control panel uye sarudza yaunoda virtual muchina:

Tevere, mushandisi anogona kuona pakarepo kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa munguva chaiyo. Kuti uwane huwandu hwakadzama, unofanirwa kusarudza "Parameters":

Iyo yakadzama manhamba tebhu kumusoro inoratidza iyo general server maitiro uye iyo virtualization mhando. Pamagirafu iwe unogona kuona network congestion, processor load, RAM uye disk space kushandiswa munguva chaiyo:

Kuti uwane ongororo yakadzama yedhisiki nzvimbo kana zviwanikwa zveimwe nguva yenguva, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza yakakodzera menyu chinhu. Ruzivo nezve virtual disks inoratidzwa mune iyi fomati:

Rodha nhamba dzechimwe chinhu chishandiso chinoratidzwa muchimiro chegirafu iri nyore:

Zvinogoneka kuratidza mutoro girafu kwezuva, vhiki, mwedzi, gore, kana nemaoko kusarudza mazuva anodiwa. Zvese zvakakosha zviwanikwa zvinoratidzwa: processor, RAM, kuchengetedza, network interface.

Vazhinji vashandisi vanotarisira kuti zviwanikwa zvichashandiswa zvakaenzana pane imwe nguva. Zvisinei, izvi hazvisi nguva dzose. Semuenzaniso, iyo network interface inogona kutaridzika yakafanana kunyangwe mune idle mode:

Hapana matanho anodiwa munyaya iyi. Zvisinei, munyaya yepurogiramu, RAM kana disk kuchengetedza, sevha haifaniri kushandisa zvose 100% yezviwanikwa zvayo nguva dzose; mutoro unokurudzirwa haupfuuri 70%.

Kutarisa server zviwanikwa mune terminal

Total load analysis

Takambotarisa dzimwe sarudzo dzekuongorora mu General diagnostics ye server zviwanikwa article. Ikoko takataura pamusoro pezvishandiso zvemazuva ose zvakadai pamusoro/pamusoro, uye zvakare akatarisa pakuisa nekugadzirisa iyo netdata utility, iyo inotibvumira kutarisa server zviwanikwa kuburikidza nebrowser. Munyaya ino tichatarisa htop seimwe nzira kune iyo pamusoro utility for general system resources analysis.

Chishandiso hachina kufanomisikidzwa muLinux kugoverwa nekukasira, saka ngatitangei nekuiswa. Kune Debian/Ubuntu isu tinoshandisa murairo:

apt-get install htop

Kune CentOS, zvine musoro kushandisa iyo WARM repositories. Ivo vakaremara nekusarudzika, saka yekutanga kuraira ine basa rekuwedzera ivo, uye wechipiri ndeyekuisa htop:

yum -y install epel-release
yum install htop -y

Mushure mekuisa, unogona kuvhura zvinoshandiswa kubva kumenu yekushandisa kana mune terminal nemirairo yakakodzera:

htop

Nekuda kweizvozvo, mushandisi achakwanisa kuona ruzivo rwese nezve system:

Kona yepamusoro yekuruboshwe inoratidza processor data, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwepakati yega yega, RAM uye swap memory. Swap ndangariro muLinux inoshandiswa mumamiriro ekushomeka kweRAM, kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kwehurongwa. Mukona yepamusoro yekurudyi unogona kuona processor mutoro uye nhamba yemabasa anoshanda. Chikamu chepakati chinoratidza maitiro anoshanda ane kugona kugadzirisa. Chikamu chepasi chinopa ruzivo pamusoro pekiyi inopisa uye kushanda. Chikamu che "Rubatsiro" chine tsananguro yakadzama yekugona kwechirongwa:

Usati waongorora iyo system, pachayo, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise chaizvo kuti mangani cores / processors anoshandiswa pane server. Mushandisi anogona kuona kukosha kwavo mukona yepamusoro kuruboshwe ye htop zvinoshandiswa:

Kana nekumhanyisa murairo:

nproc

Zvichienderana nehuwandu hunowanikwa, mutoro wose unobvumirwa uchaverengwa (Mutoro wepakati mukona yepamusoro yekona). Muchiitiko chedu yakaenzana ne2, zvinoreva kuti mutoro mukuru ndeye 2.0. Nekudaro, izvi hazvireve kuti sisitimu ichaomesa zvachose pasi pemutoro 2.0. Iyi nhamba inogona kunge yakakwirira, asi munyaya iyi, mamwe mabasa ose achave ari mumutsara, uye sevha pachayo ichatakurwa. Iko kukosha kwakakodzera kunoonekwa semutoro usingapfuuri 70%. Semuenzaniso, Avhareji yeMutoro inofanira kunge iri mukati me0.7 pane imwechete-processor server. Panyaya yeseva mumuenzaniso wataurwa pamusoro apa, chiratidzo chakanaka chingave chakakosha kudarika 1.4.

kushandisa htop kana analogues ayo, mushandisi anofanirwa kuongorora zviwanikwa zvikuru: avhareji processor load, RAM kushandiswa, disk nzvimbo uye network interface. Kana zviwanikwa zvidiki, iwe unofanirwa kuronga maitiro neCPU mashandisiro, tarisa-inodya zvakanyanya mashandiro, wobva waagadzirisa kana kumisa. Kana zvisingabviri kuvhara purogiramu kana optimization yakundikana, zvinokurudzirwa kufunga kuchinja kune sevha ine simba rakawanda rekugadzirisa.

Kutarisa yemahara RAM

Muchikamu chino, isu tichanyatso tarisisa chinhu chakakosha chekushanda kwechero server - nhanho yakakwana yemahara RAM.

Nzira iri nyore yekutarisa yemahara RAM pane chero Linux system kuburikidza neiyo terminal ndiwo murairo:

free -m

Pakubuda tinowana iyo inotevera data muma megabytes: yakazara, yakashandiswa, yemahara uye cached RAM, pamwe nekuchinjanisa vhoriyamu:

Chishandiso chinobatsira kuwana data rakawanda pane imwe nguva nenguva. Kune ane simba RAM kushandiswa kwekuongorora, isu tinokurudzira iyo vmstat utility, iyo inotibvumira kugadzirisa iyo yekuvandudza frequency yeruzivo rwekubuda:

vmstat 1

Mumuenzaniso wepamusoro, iyo data ichagadziridzwa sekondi yega yega. Kubuda kunogadzirwa muchimiro chakafanana ne vakasununguka:

Chishandiso chinopawo ruzivo rwehurongwa hwese, asi kwatiri, makoramu chete ane basa reRAM, ndiko kuti, ndangariro uye kuchinjanisa, kwakakosha. Huwandu hwese hunoratidzwa mu kilobytes. Ngatitarisei zvakadzama:

ndangariro (RAM):

• swpd: ndangariro chaiyo yakatsinhaniswa neyemuviri.
• vakasununguka: iripo yemuviri ndangariro (RAM).
• wow: ndangariro inoshandiswa sebhafa isati yanyora dhisiki.
• cache: ndangariro inoshandiswa secache kuti ikurumidze kupinda.

Swap

• si: ndangariro inoshandiswa secache kuti ikurumidze kupinda.
• so: data yakanyorwa kubva kundangariro yemuviri kuchinjana ndangariro.

Zvakaparadzana, zvakakodzera kutaura chokwadi chekuti ese masystem zviwanikwa zvekuongorora zvinoshandiswa zvinotanga kutora data kubva kumatanda. Panyaya ye RAM, mushandisi achakwanisa kuona iyo data zvakananga nekuvhura iyo inoenderana faira:

cat /proc/meminfo

Izvo zvakabuda zvakakura, asi zvakakwana kuterera kune ekutanga marekodhi kuongorora ndangariro:

Matambudziko ane yakawandisa RAM kushandiswa anowanzo hukama kune rakananga basa kana maitiro. Pakutanga, kuongororwa uchishandisa maturusi akajairwa kuti aone maitiro anonetsa achave akakwana. Semhinduro, iwe unogona kufunga nezve optimization chaiyo application, inogonesa caching uye data compression kana isu tichitaura nezve huwandu hwakawanda hweruzivo, kana kuwedzera server kumisikidza.

Disk nzvimbo yekudzora

Diagnostics ye server disk space haina kukosha pane zvimwe zviwanikwa zvayo. Sezvo mutemo, zviratidzo pamusoro pekudiwa kwekutarisa ndezvi: kusakwanisa kugadzira kana kunyora kune mafaira aripo, kunonoka kwekushanda kwehurongwa uye zvikanganiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvekupinza / kubuda.

Nzira yakanyanya nyore yekutarisa ndeye murairo:

df -h

Mukupindura, chishandiso chicharatidza ruzivo pane ese akaiswa disk partitions:

Unogona kushandisa uyu murairo kuti uwane mamwe akadzama madhairekitori ekutarisa:

du -hs /*

Nenzira iyi, mushandisi anozokwanisa kuona kuti ingani nzvimbo yega dhairekitori inotora. Kuti udzorere mashandiro ehurongwa, iwe unozofanirwa kukwidziridza kupatsanurwa kwedhisiki iyo inoshandisa iyo yakawanda ndangariro. Inokurudzirwa kusabvumira kupfuura 80-90% yenzvimbo yakasununguka yehuwandu hunoshandiswa; iyo yakasara 10-20% inofanira kunge yakakwana kune yakagadzikana system operation. Inokurudzirwa kuwedzera dhisiki nzvimbo kana optimization isingagoneki. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekuwedzera matsva kana kuwedzera madhisiki aripo, pamwe nekushandisa kuchengetedza kwegore. Pasinei nemhinduro yakasarudzwa, zvinokurudzirwa kugara uchiita kopi yekuchengetedza kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwefaira.

Network interface cheki

Yekupedzisira, asi isiri yakakosha chikamu che server diagnostics ndeyekutarisa network interface. The mambure utility inogona kushandiswa kana iwe uchida kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana nezve kuti yakawanda sei traffic inoverengerwa netiweki maitiro munguva chaiyo.
Kuisa uye kutanga paCent OS:

yum install nethogs
nethogs

ZveDebian/Ubuntu:

apt-get install nethogs
nethogs

Chishandiso chicharatidza iwo maitiro ari kushandisa network zviwanikwa panguva ino:

Tinokurudzira kushandisa iftop kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama.
Kuisa uye kutanga paCent OS:

yum install iftop
iftop

ZveDebian/Ubuntu:

apt-get install iftop
iftop

Iyo purogiramu inoburitsa rondedzero yeanoshanda ekubatanidza anoratidza IP kero, madoko, huwandu hwe data rakatamiswa uye kumhanya kwekufambisa. Mukana mukuru wechirongwa ndiwo dhizaini yekuona yetiweki chiteshi kurodha:

Mushure mekutarisa sevha network chiteshi uye kuona matambudziko ane yakakwira mutoro, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera bandwidth yetiweki yekubatanidza padivi reanopa wekutambira kana kukwidziridza marongero eiyo chaiyo inonetsa interface. Sechishandiso chekuchengetedza, unogona kushandisa akasiyana ekutarisa masisitimu kuti akurumidze kuteedzera shanduko munetiweki chiitiko uye, kana zvichidikanwa, gara uchivandudza network network zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa.

mhedziso

Mukupedzisa, zvinogona kusimbiswa kuti kuongorora server zviwanikwa chikamu chakakosha chekutonga kunoshanda kwe rakapotsa uye vakazvitsaurira servers. Chinyorwa chakatipa mukana wekutarisa maturusi makuru ekuongorora kwakazara server, uye zvakare yakapa mazano anoshanda ekugadzirisa matambudziko angangoitika. Regular system diagnostics inobvumira sevha kuti ishande isina musono, kunyangwe pasina inoshanda mushandisi kutora chikamu.