FTP server setup

Kana uchiisa Linux kubva kune chero kit yekugovera, chete mudzi wemushandisi unozowanikwa nekusarudzika. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvikonzero zvekuchengetedza hazvizoite kuti zvikwanise kubatana neFTP pasi pemushandisi uyu. Muchikamu chino, tichatsanangura nzira yekukurumidza kuseta sevha yeFTP uye kugadzira mushandisi uchishandisa chete Linux console mirairo.  

Nhanho 1: Gadzira kubatana kwakachengeteka kune server yako

Pakutanga, unofanirwa kubatanidza kune server yako. Iwe unogona kuita izvi uchishandisa SSH (Secure Shell) protocol, iyo inopa yakachengeteka kure yekuwana nzira. Panzvimbo pekupinda mukati se 'mudzi', inova account yekutonga paLinux nekukasira, shandisa account yenguva dzose uye mhanyisa mirairo kuburikidza ne'sudo' kuti uwedzere kuchengetedzeka.  

Danho 2: Isa FTP server

Nhanho inotevera ndeye FTP-server yekuisa. Muchidzidzo ichi, tichange tichishandisa 'proftpd', inozivikanwa yakavhurwa sosi FTP server.

Kana uri kushandisa CentOS, isa iyo EPEL repository kutanga. Isa mirairo inotevera mune terminal:  

sudo yum install epel-release
sudo yum install proftpd

Kana uri kushandisa Debian kana Ubuntu, ingonyora:

sudo apt install proftpd

Danho rechitatu: gadza otomatiki FTP kutanga

Mushure mekuisa sevha yeFTP, igadzirise kuti itange otomatiki pese pese sevha inobhutsu. Izvi zvinoitwa nemirairo inotevera:  

sudo systemctl start proftpd.service
sudo systemctl enable proftpd.service

Nhanho 4: gadzira firewall yako

Nezvinangwa zvekuchengetedza, firewall yako inofanira kugadzirirwa nenzira yakadaro yekubvumira kupindira kunopinda paTCP port 21. Murairo chaiwo unobva pane iyo firewall management utility yauri kushandisa. Kune 'iptables':  

sudo iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
sudo systemctl save iptables

ye 'firewalld':  

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=21/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd –reload

ye 'nfttables' paDebian 11:  

sudo nft add rule ip filter input tcp dport { 21 } ct state new accept

Mushure mekunge firewall yagadziriswa, usakanganwa kuchengetedza shanduko kuitira kuti ishande mushure mekutangazve. Kune 'iptables' uye 'firewalld' izvi zvinoitwa otomatiki, nepo 'nftables' iwe uchafanirwa kuchengetedza nemaoko mitemo iripo kufaira rinozoiswa pakuvhurwa kwehurongwa.  

Nhanho 5: Dzora vashandisi veFTP nedhairekitori ravo repamba

Nekutadza, vashandisi veFTP vanogona kupfuura dhairekitori ravo repamba, izvo zvinogona kuve njodzi yekuchengetedza. Kuti udzivise izvi, wedzera iyo DefaultRoot ~ mutsetse kune 'proftpd.conf' faira. Mutsetse uyu unorambidza vashandisi nedhairekitori ravo repamba. Wedzera iyo kumagumo efaira, wozotangazve FTP server:  

sudo systemctl restart proftpd.service

Nhanho 6: Nyowani FTP mushandisi kusikwa

Wagadzirira kugadzira mushandisi mutsva weFTP. Iyo haidi yekuraira shell yekuwana, saka bvisa iyo nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza. Heino mirairo yeiyo:  

sudo useradd [username] -d /home/[username] -m -s /usr/sbin/nologin

sudo passwd [username]

Tsiva [zita rekushandisa] nezita rekushandisa raunoda. Iyo 'passwd' yekuraira inokupa iwe kuti uise password yemushandisi mutsva.  

Iwe zvino wamisa sevha yeFTP uye wakagadzira mushandisi mutsva weFTP pane Linux server. Nguva dzose yeuka nezvekuchengetedzwa paunenge uchigadzira.