Linux text editors

Vagadziri vema console text chishandiso chakakosha mukutarisira server, zvichipa kugona kugadzira nekugadzirisa mafaira e text. Vanosiyaniswa nekuti vakavakirwa pamutsetse wemirairo, vasina zvinhu zve graphical, asi panguva imwe chete vanopa sarudzo dzese dzinodiwa kuti basa ribudirire neruzivo rwe text. Chishandiso ichi chinogona kubatsira pamabasa madiki, semuenzaniso, kuchinja faira rimwe chete, uye pakudzidza zvizere server logs paLinux.

Muchinyorwa chino tichaongorora akawanda ma console text editors eLinux operating systems. Ngatitarisei mhinduro dzinonyanya kufarirwa, dzakadai se nano , vim , uye zvakare titaure nezvedzisingazivikanwe zvakanyanya: emacs , joe uye micro . Mushure mekuverenga, mushandisi achava neruzivo rwevagadziri vese vakanyorwa, uye achakwanisa kusarudza imwe yakanakisa kune yake yakatsaurirwa kana kuti virtual server.

Nano text editor

Nano ndeimwe yevagadziri vema terminal text vanozivikanwa zvikuru kune masisitimu eLinux. Kusiyana nemamwe ma utilities akawanda, nano inopa bhenefiti yakasiyana - haidi hunyanzvi hwepamusoro kuti ushandise. Iyi console text editor yakagadzirwa kuti ive nyore kushandisa uye isinganzwisisike, zvichiita kuti iwanikwe kunyangwe kune vanotanga. Kazhinji, inenge yatoiswa kare pane system. Zvisinei, kana isipo, unogona kuisa editor uchishandisa mirairo inotevera:

YeCentOS:

yum install nano

Pamusoro peDebian/Ubuntu:

apt install nano

Iwe unogona kushandisa uyu murairo kuti uvhure faira uye uenderere mberi nekushanda mune yemavara edhita:

nano path/to/file

Rondedzero yemirairo yekutanga yekushanda nemafaira inoratidzwa pasi pehwindo. Ingoshandisa kiyi yeCtrl panguva imwe chete nebasa raunoda. Rugwaro rwechishandiso runogona kupa ruzivo rwakadzama.

Kuti ushandise chishandiso chine sarudzo dzisingaonekwe mune terminal, shandisa syntax:

nano option path/to/file

Rondedzero yakazara yemabasa aripo anogona kuwanikwa zvakare mune zvinyorwa pane iyi link iri pamusoro. Iwo makuru anosanganisira zvinotevera:

+number - tsanangura mutsara mufaira kuti utange
--tabsize=digit - gadza saizi yekuisa munzvimbo
--smooth -gonesa kupuruzira kwakatsetseka kana uchifamba nefaira
--mouse -gonesa mbeva tsigiro yekufambisa uye kuratidza mavara
--autoindent - otomatiki wedzera indents kana uchienda kune mutsara mutsva
--wordwrap - kuputira mitsetse nemashoko, kwete nemabhii
--softwrap - kuputira mitsara nemaziso, pasina kushandura chinyorwa chaicho
--syntax=language -gonesa kukwidziridzwa kwe syntax kune chaiyo programming mutauro
--bookmarks - wedzera mabhukimaki kukurumidza kufamba mufaira
--multibuffer - vhura akawanda mafaera mumabuffer akasiyana ekugadzirisa panguva imwe chete
--linenumbers - ratidza mutsara nhamba musidebar
--rebindkey=key:command - reassign kiyi kune yakatarwa murairo

Zvakakosha kutaura kuti kuti ugonese kana kugadzirisa mamwe mabasa unofanira kushandisa faira rekugadzirisa riri pa / etc/nanorc . Kuti ugonese kana kudzima basa, unofanira kubvisa basa rekutaura kubva pamutsetse (# symbol), uye kuti uchinje pane imwe sarudzo - chinja kukosha kwakakodzera.

Vim text editor

Vim — inyanzvi yekuvandudza manyorerwo emashoko ekonsoli, iyi ishanduro yakavandudzwa yepakutanga vi , yakaburitswa muna 1976. Hunhu hwayo hwakasiyana huri mupfungwa yakasiyana yemamodhi ekushanda: akajairwa, ekuisa uye ekuona. Yakava nemukurumbira nekushanda kwayo zvakanaka mukuronga mapurogiramu nekuda kwemirairo yayo yakawanda uye rutsigiro rwemashoko enguva dzose ekutsvaga nekutsiva. Kusiyana nevagadziri vakareruka vakaita senano, vim inogona kutora nguva yakareba kuti ijairwe nayo.

Kuiswa paCentOS kunoitwa nemurairo:

yum install vim

Pamusoro peDebian/Ubuntu:

apt install vim

Chirongwa chinotangwa uye faira rinodiwa rinovhurwa nekuraira:

vim path/to/file

Sezvamunoona kubva pamuenzaniso uri pamusoro apa, kujekesa kodhi muvim kunogoneswa nekutanga. Mashandiro epurogiramu iyi akakura zvikuru, uye manejimendi emafaira anoitika zvakasiyana zvishoma pane mamwe maeditor. Vagadziri vakapa imwe nzvimbo yekubatsira yekudzidza zvakadzama maturusi ese nemirairo.

Heino, semuenzaniso, ndizvo zvinotaridzika zvakanyanya mirairo:

i - enda kuisa mode kuti utange kuisa zvinyorwa
Esc - buda kuisa modhi uye dzokera kune yekuraira modhi (yakajairika maitiro)
:w - chengetedza faira iripo
:q - siya faira iripo
:q! -siya faira iripo pasina kuchengetedza shanduko
yy -kopa mutsara wazvino
dd - cheka mutsara wazvino
p - namatidza mutsara wakakopwa kana wakachekwa mushure meiyo yazvino
u - gadzirisa chiito chekupedzisira
/search_term - tsvaga yekutsvaga_temu tambo mufaira
:s/old/new/g - tsiva ese ekare nezvitsva mumutsara wazvino
:set number - ratidza mutsara nhamba

Vim inyanzvi ine simba uye inochinjika yekugadzirisa zvinyorwa yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa maitiro ekushanda nezvinyorwa. Dambudziko guru ndiro dambudziko guru rekupinda kune vanotanga. Interface nemirairo zvingave zvisingazivikanwe kune avo vachangotanga kuidzidza, uye izvi zvinogona kukonzera mamwe matambudziko pakutanga.

Emacs text editor

Emacs igadziriso yemavara ine simba uye inogadziriswa inokupa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirisa zvinyorwa, kunyora kodhi, uye kugadzirisa mafaira. Inotsigira mitauro yakawanda yekuronga mapurogiramu, ine rutsigiro rwakavakirwa mukati rwekuwedzera (maplugins), uye inobvumira mushandisi kugadzira zvinyorwa zvake kuti aite mabasa otomatiki. Emacs inewo sisitimu yekutarisira buffer newindows yakasiyana, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yegadziriso dzinochinjika uye dzakapfuma.

Kuisa paCentOS, isu tichashandisa murairo:

yum install emacs

Pamusoro peDebian/Ubuntu:

apt install emacs

Kuvhura imwe faira mukoni kwakafanana nevamwe vapepeti:

emacs path/to/file

Nekuda kweizvozvo, kujekesa syntax hakuchashandiswi, uye chitarisiko chacho hachina kusiyana nemamwe ma console editors. Pasi pechidzitiro pane status bar, uye basa guru riri pamusoro. Zvisinei, kana uchishanda ne console version ye editor, basa iri rinowanikwa chete uchishandisa keyboard shortcut. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti ma assistant keys anoshandiswa iControl key, iyo yakaiswa ku Ctrl ne default, uye Meta key, yakaiswa ku Alt. Peji remagwaro riri pawebsite yepamutemo richakubatsira kuti uzive mashandiro acho ese.

Semuenzaniso, ngatitarisei iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mirairo:

Alt+X – nyora murairo
Ctrl+X Ctrl+C - pedyo mupepeti
Ctrl+G - kanzura chiito
Ctrl+H b – ratidza makiyi ekudimbudzira
Ctrl+X Ctrl+S -save file
Ctrl+X Ctrl+F - vhura faira
Alt+W - kopi
Ctrl+W - cheka
Ctrl+Y - namatidza
Ctrl+X 2 - kupatsanura hwindo vertically
Ctrl+X 0- chinja pakati pemahwindo
Ctrl+X -> Ctrl+X <- chinja pakati pemabhafa

Mukupfupisa, emacs inopa zvinhu zvakasiyana zvakaita sesystem yekuraira inochinjika, kugadzirisa kwakakwirira, uye mhinduro dzakakura dzinoshanda. Mutsetse wayo wemirairo nema macro zvinobvumira vashandisi kugadzira maitiro anoshanda zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, nekuda kwechimiro chayo chinochinjika zvakanyanya, haikurudzirwi kushandiswa nevanotanga.

Joe text editor

Joe imugadziri wezvinyorwa wakagadzirwa naJoseph Ellis uchishandisa console. Inopa interface iri nyore uye intuitive, yakakodzera kushanda mu text console. Joe inopa mabasa ekutanga ekugadzirisa zvinyorwa akadai sekuisa, kubvisa, kukopa, pamwe nemabasa epamusoro anosanganisira rutsigiro rwemitauro yakawanda yekuronga ine syntax ekisitesheni. Kufanana nano , mugadziri uyu sarudzo yakakodzera kune avo vanokoshesa kushandiswa.

Raira kuisa paCentOS:

yum install joe

Pamusoro peDebian/Ubuntu:

apt install joe

A text file inovhurwa nemurairo:

joe path/to/file

Kujekesa maSyntax kunoitwa kuti kuitwe, uye ruzivo rwekutanga nezvefaira riri kugadziriswa runoratidzwa pamusoro pemupepeti. Kufanana nevapepeti vekare, joe ane dzimwe sarudzo dzakawanda, kusanganisira rutsigiro rwemirairo mikuru. Kuti uzive seti yekutanga yemirairo, unofanirwa kushandisa musanganiswa wekiyi Ctrl+K , uye wobva waisa kiyi H. Mabasa aripo acharatidzwa pamusoro peterminal:

Rondedzero yakadzama yezvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa papeji rezvinyorwa.

Joe ine interface iri nyore uye inonzwisisa, zvichiita kuti iwanikwe nevanotanga. Panguva imwe chete, inopa zvinhu zvine simba zvakaita sekutsigira mahwindo akawanda, kujekesa magwaro, kutsvaga nekutsiva, zvichiita kuti ikwezve vashandisi vane hunyanzvi. Dambudziko rejoe nderekuti haina rutsigiro rwakakura uye kuvandudzwa kwakapararira kana tichienzanisa nevamwe vanogadzirisa magwaro, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuti zvinhu zvisanyanya kugadzikana uye zvigadziriswe mune ramangwana. Vashandisi vanogonawo kusangana nematambudziko mukuziva maficha uye kusanganiswa kwemashoko pavanochinja kubva kune dzimwe mhinduro.

Micro text editor

Micro — inyore, iri nyore kushandisa, yakagadzirwa ichinyanya kutarisisa minimalism uye intuitivity. Chishandiso ichi chinopa mashandiro ekutanga ekugadzirisa magwaro uye chinotsigira mamwe mabasa ekuwedzera. Micro inotsigira syntax highlighting yemitauro yakasiyana-siyana yekuronga mapurogiramu, multi-line highlighting, multi-line support uye mamwe marongero evashandisi anogadziriswa.

Kuiswa paCentOS kunoitwa nekushandisa yakakosha script ine murairo:

curl https://getmic.ro | bash

Pamusoro peDebian/Ubuntu:

apt install micro

Ndokumbira utarise: uchishandisa iyi nzira yekuisa, kutanga iyo edhita paCentOS ichave yakasiyana. Unogona kuvhura imwe faira uri mudhairekitori repamba pako nemurairo:

./micro path/to/file

Kuti ushandise chishandiso kubva pane chero dhairekitori, unofanirwa kuchiendesa ku / usr/bin . Kuti tiite izvi tichashandisa murairo

mv micro /usr/bin/

Mushure meizvozvo, maitiro ekutanga madiki achafanana pane ese maLinux system, kusanganisira Debian/Ubuntu:

micro path/to/file

Makiyi ekufambisa nekugadzirisa gwaro anogona kudzidzwa nekudzvanya Alt+G . Mirairo inonyanya kushandiswa icharatidzwa pasi peterminal:

Musanganiswa weCtlr +G uchavhura chikamu chose cherubatsiro rwechishandiso:

Unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kugona kwezvishandiso papeji repamutemo reGitHub purojekiti muchikamu chezvinyorwa.

Kazhinji, micro editor isarudzo yakanaka kune avo vakajaira kureruka uye kushandiswa kwayo. Dhizaini yayo yeminimalist uye mashandiro ayo nekukurumidza zvinoita kuti ive chishandiso chinokwezva kune vanogadzira mapurogiramu. Zvisinei, dambudziko ringave riri rekuti mabasa mashoma uye kushaya graphical interface ishoma. Pasinei neizvi, micro editor inoramba iri mhinduro yakavimbika uye inoshanda yekugadzirisa mafaira emavara.

mhedziso

Ongororo yezvinyorwa zvekoni vapepeti veLinux yakaratidza kusiyana uye yakasarudzika hunhu hweumwe neumwe wavo. Kushaikwa kwemhinduro chete yakakodzera kunosimbisa kukosha kwesarudzo yemunhu, zvichibvumira vashandisi kugadzirisa ruzivo rwavo kuti ruenderane nezvavanofarira uye zvavanoda. Sarudzo yakafara yekoni mameseji edhita eLinux inopa vashandisi mukana wekugadzirisa chishandiso kune zvavanoda, vachiratidzira kuchinjika uye kusiyana-siyana munyika yekugadzira mazwi.