Munyika yekuvandudzwa kwewebhu, HTTP kukanganisa makodhi anoita basa rakakosha mukukanganisa ruzivo rwemushandisi uye mukurumbira wewebhusaiti. Muchinyorwa chino, isu tichatarisa yakazara runyorwa rwesevha kukanganisa makodhi, kuongorora zvazvinoreva, uye kudzidza nzira yekududzira zvinobudirira macode emhinduro yeseva kuitira kugadzirisa matambudziko uye kukwidziridza mashandiro ewebhu.
Chii chinonzi HTTP mhinduro kodhi
HTTP kodhi yekupindura mutauro wemaseva ewebhu unoshandura zvikumbiro zvebrowser kuita mirairo inonzwisisika. Zvakafanana nemudetembi ari kupindura mibvunzo chaiyo, achiipa chirevo negwara. Makodhi ekupindura haawanzo HTTP kukanganisa macode. Semuenzaniso, "200 OK" zvinoreva kuti zvese zvakanaka, asi HTTP Kanganiso "404 Haina Kuwanikwa" zvinoreva kana peji rarasika munzvimbo chaiyo. Imwe neimwe kodhi iratidziro yakasarudzika yeiyo server state, iyo decoding iyo inotibvumira kunzwisisa zviri kuitika kune rimwe divi renyika chaiyo.
1xx makodhi (Ruzivo)
1xx mamiriro macode muHTTP protocol imhando yekutanga link munhaurirano pakati pesevha nemutengi. Panzvimbo pokupa mhinduro yakakwana kune chikumbiro, vanopa ruzivo pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu ezvino, zvichiita kuti kuchinjana kwemashoko kuwedzere. Ngatitarisei pazviri:
100 Rambai muchienderera mberi . HTTP response code umo sevha inopa mushandisi chiedza chegirini, zvichimubvumira kuramba achitumira chikumbiro chikuru zvakachengeteka.
101 Kuchinja Maprotocol . Sevha inoudza mutengi kuti iri kuchinja mitemo yemutambo, semuenzaniso, ichibva paHTTP ichienda kuHTTPS yakachengeteka. Muchiitiko ichi, musoro we "Upgrade" unoshandiswa pakuchinja protocol.
102 Kugadzirisa . Kodhi iyi yakaita semeseji yekuti sevha yagamuchira chikumbiro, asi ichiri kubatikana nekushanda kwakaoma.
103 Mazano Ekutanga . Pano sevha inotumira misoro yakati wandei yekuratidza kune mutengi isati yapindura, ichinyevera nezvechimwe chinhu chingave chakakosha munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
2xx kodhi (Yakabudirira)
HTTP kukanganisa kodhi muboka 2xx inoratidza chikumbiro chakabudirira kubva kuseva. Ivo vanonyanya kuita se "chiedza chegirini" muchikamu chewebhu kutaurirana, vachisimbisa kuti zvese zviri kufamba sekuronga uye zvakapedzwa zvinobudirira.
200 OK . Iyi mamiriro anoshandiswa kana sevha ichiita chikumbiro nenzira yeGET pasina matambudziko uye yodzosera data rakumbirwa mukupindura. Musoro we "Content-Type" unoshuma rudzi rwezviri mukati mumhinduro. Unongozivisa mutengi kuti chikumbiro chakabudirira.
201 Yakagadzirwa . Pano sevha inozivisa kugadzirwa kwechinhu chitsva.
202 Yagamuchirwa . Sevha inozivisa mushandisi kuti chikumbiro chagamuchirwa, asi inotora nguva kupindura.
203 Ruzivo Rusiri Rwechokwadi . Kodhi iyi inopa mutengi ruzivo rungave rusiri rwepamutemo, asi runogona kushandiswa kuenzanisa.
204 Hapana Zviri Mukati . Seva yakagadzirisa chikumbiro asi haisi kudzorera zvimwe zvirimo.
205 Dzorera Zvemukati . Pano mutengi anorayirwa kuti adzorerezve maonero aripo kana data mushure mekutumira.
206 Zvishoma . Nyaya iyi inoratidza kuti mhinduro ine chikamu chezviri mukati chakumbirwa chete. Musoro we "Content-Range" unoratidza chikamu chezviri mukati.
207 Multi-Status. Seva yabudirira kupedzisa chikumbiro chemabasa akawanda kubva kumutengi, uye mhinduro yacho ine ruzivo nezve mamiriro ebasa rega rega.
226 IM Yakashandiswa . Kodhi iyi inoratidza kuti sevha yakashandisa nzira yeIncremental Metadata (IM) uye yakapindura nekupa chete zvikamu zvechishandiso zvakagadziriswa kumutengi.
3xx makodhi (Dhidhiyo)
3xx macode muHTTP protocol akafanana neanongedza anotungamira mushandisi kunzvimbo itsva yekushandisa. Vanozivisa mutengi kuti nhanho dzekutevera dzinofanirwa kutorwa kuti uwane izvo zvakakumbirwa kana kuendeswa kune imwe sosi. Ngatinyure mune zvakadzama zveumwe neumwe wavo:
Sarudzo Dzakawanda Makumi Matatu . Mutengi anogamuchira chiratidzo chekuti kune nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinogona kushandiswa pachinhu chacho uye anopiwa sarudzo yekupindura. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo, musoro we "Nzvimbo" unogona kuratidza dzimwe sarudzo dzechinhu chacho.
301 Inotamiswa Zvisingaperi. Sevha inoudza mushandisi kuti chinhu chacho chakatamiswa zvachose kune imwe nzvimbo.
302 Yakawanikwa . Iyi HTTP code yakafanana nekutumirazve kwenguva pfupi. Seva inozivisa mutengi kuti chinhu chacho chinowanikwa kwenguva pfupi pane imwe URL. Musoro we "Location" unonongedzera kuURL itsva yekutumirazve kwenguva pfupi.
303 Ona Zvimwe . Mutengi anoudzwa kuti chinhu ichi chinowanikwa pane imwe URL uye anofanira kukumbira GET kune iyi kero itsva.
304 Hazvina Kugadziriswa . Chimiro ichi chinoudza mutengi kuti chinhu chacho hachina kuchinja kubva pakukumbira kwekupedzisira uye hachifanirwe kudhawunirodhwa zvakare. Paunenge uchikumbira, musoro we "If-Modified-Since" unoshandiswa kutarisa kana chinhu chacho chagadziriswa.
305 Shandisa Proxy. Semhinduro, sevha inoshuma kuti inofanira kushandisa proxy yakatarwa kuti iwane chinhu chakumbirwa.
306 (yakachengetedzwa) — Kodhi iyi yakachengetedzwa, asi kutaura chokwadi haishandiswi.
307 Temporary Redirect . Kodhi iyi yakafanana ne302 Found, asi inoda kuti mutengi arambe ari munzira yekukumbira yakashandiswa muchikumbiro chekutanga.
308 Kutungamirazve Kwechigarire . Zvinoratidza kuti chinhu chacho chaenda kuURI itsva zvachose uye mutengi anofanira kushandisa URI itsva kune zvese zvikumbiro zvemangwana.
4xx HTTP Error (Client kukanganisa)
HTTP 4xx kukanganisa kodhi inoratidza kukanganisa kwevatengi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti dambudziko riri kudivi remushandisi, senge web browser kana app.
400 Chikumbiro Chisina Kunaka . Seva haigone kugadzirisa chikumbiro nekuda kwezvikanganiso zvema syntax, data risingashande, kana zvimwe zvikanganiso kudivi remutengi.
401 Isina mvumo. Seva haigone kugadzirisa chikumbiro nekuda kwezvikanganiso zvema syntax, data risingashande, kana zvimwe zvikanganiso kudivi remutengi.
402 Kubhadhara Kunodiwa . Kodhi iyi haisi kushanda parizvino uye yakachengeterwa kushandiswa mune ramangwana. Inogona kuratidza kudiwa kwekubhadhara usati wawana chishandiso ichi mune ramangwana.
HTTP Error 403 Yakarambidzwa. Mutengi haana kodzero dzakakwana dzekuwana chinhu chakumbirwa.
404 Haisati Yawanikwa. Chinhu chakumbirwa hachipo paserver. Ichi chimwe chezvikanganiso zvinowanzo itika kune vashandisi.
405 Nzira Haibvumirwi . Sevha haitsigire nzira yekukumbira yakatarwa mukati mechinhu ichi. Musoro wekuti "Bvumira" unoratidza nzira dzinobvumirwa dzechinhu ichi. Nekodhi iyi,
406 Hazvigamuchirwi. Sevha haigone kupa data mufomati inogona kugamuchirwa nemutengi.
407 Kusimbiswa kweProxy Kunodiwa . Kusimbiswa kweproxy server kunodiwa kuti uwane ruzivo rwunokumbirwa.
408 Request Timeout . Seva yakanga yakamirira kugamuchira chikumbiro kubva kumutengi, asi yakamira. Musoro wekuti "Retry-After" unogona kuratidza nguva iyo chikumbiro chinogona kuyedzwazve mushure mayo.
409 Kusawirirana. Chikumbiro hachigone kuzadzikiswa nekuda kwekusawirirana nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo iye zvino.
410 Yaenda . Chinhu chakakumbirwa chakanga chiripo kare asi ikozvino chabviswa uye kudzorerwa kwacho hakutarisirwi.
411 Kureba Kunodiwa . Seva inoda kutsanangura urefu hwezviri mukati mechikumbiro; kusavapo kweruzivo urwu kunoonekwa sekukanganisa.
412 Chinodiwa Chakundikana . Chinodiwa pachikumbiro hachina kuzadzikiswa, chinoita kuti chisakwanise kuitwa.
413 Mutoro Wakakura Zvikuru . Saizi yedata rekukumbira inodarika miganhu yesevha.
414 URI Yakareba Zvikuru . Hurefu hweURI muchikumbiro hwapfuura miganhu inogamuchirika.
415 Rudzi rweMedia Rusina Kutsigirwa . Sevha haigone kugadzirisa rudzi rwedata rwakapihwa muchikumbiro.
416 Range Haigutsikane . HTTP error apo range yakakumbirwa isingaenderane nedata reparizvino reseva.
417 Tarisiro Yakundikana . Mamiriro aitarisirwa mumusoro we "Tarisiro" haana kuzadzikiswa.
418 Ndiri mutori wetii . Kodhi iyi inosanganisirwa sejee uye hairevi chero chiito chaicho kune mushandisi kana sevha, uye haisi chikanganiso chakazara. Inoratidza kuti sevha itori wetii uye haikwanise kugadzira kofi.
421 Chikumbiro Chisina Kurongeka . Sevha haigadzirise chikumbiro nekuda kwekukanganisa muchikumbiro kana mugadzirirwo weseva.
422 Chinhu Chisingagadziriswe . Seva inonzwisisa chikumbiro, asi haichigadzirise nekuda kwezvikanganiso zvedata.
423 Yakakiyiwa. Chishandiso ichi chakavharwa uye hachigone kugadziriswa.
424 Kusavimba Kwakakundikana . Chikumbiro chinoenderana nechimwe chikumbiro chisina kuitwa.
425 Kurumidza Kusvika. Sevha haina kugadzirira kugadzirisa chikumbiro nekuda kwekunge chasvika nekukurumidza.
426 Kuvandudzwa Kunodiwa . Sevha inoda kushandiswa kweprotocol yepamusoro-soro kugadzirisa chikumbiro.
428 Zvinodiwa Pamberi . Sevha inoda kuti zvimwe zvinodiwa zvitaurwe muchikumbiro.
429 Zvikumbiro Zvakawandisa . Mutengi akatumira zvikumbiro zvakawandisa munguva pfupi, zvichipfuura miganhu yesevha.
431 Minda yeMusoro weKumbira Yakakura Zvikuru . Misoro yekukumbira inodarika saizi yepamusoro inobvumidzwa.
449 Edzazve na. Zvinoratidza kuti chikumbiro hachigone kufambiswa neseva iripo, asi chinogona kugadziriswa zvinobudirira neimwe sevha, uye mutengi anofanira kuedzazve chikumbiro neURI itsva.
451 Hazviwanikwe nekuda kwezvikonzero zvepamutemo . Chishandiso ichi hachiwanikwe nekuda kwezvikonzero zvepamutemo.
499 Chikumbiro Chakavharwa neMutengi . Seva yakagamuchira chikumbiro, asi kubatana kwacho kwakavharwa nemutengi asati apedza kugadzirisa.
HTTP 5xx kukanganisa (Server kukanganisa)
HTTP 5xx kukanganisa makodhi anoratidza matambudziko esevha. Aya macode anoratidza matambudziko akaitika kudivi reseva, zvichiita kuti server isakwanise kugadzirisa chikumbiro chemushandisi nenzira kwayo. Ngatitarisei pazviri:
Chikanganiso cheHTTP 500 Internal Server Error . Sevha inosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi anoidzivisa kupedzisa chikumbiro. Musoro we "Server" unogona kuratidza sevha yakaitika chikanganiso.
501 Haisati Yashandiswa . Sevha haitsigire mashandiro anodiwa kugadzirisa chikumbiro chemutengi. Musoro we "Via" unogona kuratidza sevha yeproxy yakaitika chikanganiso.
502 Bad Gateway . Kodhi iyi inoreva kuti sevha inoshanda seproxy yakagamuchira mhinduro isiriyo kubva kune imwe sevha.
HTTP Error 503 Sevhisi Haipo . Sevha haichakwanisi kugadzirisa zvikumbiro kwenguva pfupi.
504 Gateway Timeout . Sevha, inoshanda seproxy, haina kugamuchira mhinduro kubva kune imwe sevha panguva yakakodzera.
505 HTTP Version Haitsigirwi . Sevha haitsigire HTTP protocol version yakataurwa muchikumbiro. Senzira yekuchengetedza, musoro we "Upgrade" unogona kuratidza protocol dzinotsigirwa.
506 Variant Also Negotiates . Iyi status haishandiswi muHTTP/1.1; zvisinei, kana sevha ikaona configuration yemukati inokonzera kusanzwisisika kwekutaurirana kwezviri mukati, inogona kushandisa mhinduro iyi.
507 Kuchengetera Kusina Kukwana . Sevha haigone kuzadzisa chikumbiro nekuda kwenzvimbo isina kukwana yekuchengetera paseva.
508 Loop Yaonekwa . Seva yaona loop payaigadzirisa chikumbiro, uye inoramba kupedzisa chikumbiro ichi kuitira kudzivirira loop isingaperi.
Muganho we509 Bandwidth Wapfuura . Chikanganiso chinoitika kana bandwidth yeseva yadarika nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvikumbiro kana traffic.
510 Haina Kuwedzerwa . Mutengi anofanira kutamisa mamwe ma extensions kuti chikumbiro chienderere mberi.
511 Network Authentication Inodiwa . Mutengi anofanira kuzvisimbisa kuti akwanise kupinda munetwork.
Nzira yekutarisa kodhi yemamiriro epeji
Muchikamu chino, tichatarisa nzira nhatu huru dzekutarisa kodhi yemamiriro epeji: kuburikidza nemutsara wekuraira, uchishandisa web browser, uye kushandisa yakazvimirira online masevhisi. Imwe neimwe yenzira idzi ine zvayakanakira uye inogona kubatsira mumamiriro akasiyana.
Kutarisa mhinduro yeseva kuburikidza nemutsara wekuraira
Mutsetse wekuraira unopa nzira iri nyore yekutarisa peji remamiriro kodhi pasina kushandisa web browser. Kune iyi nzira, iwe unofanirwa kuvhura mutsara wekuraira uye shandisa murairo:
curl -I http://page-addressUyu murairo unotumira chikumbiro che HEAD (misoro inokumbira chete) kune yakatsanangurwa URL uye inoratidza ruzivo runosanganisira iyo HTTP mamiriro kodhi:
Muenzaniso uri pamusoro unoratidza kodhi yemhinduro yakabudirira. Panyaya yemhinduro ine kodhi yekukanganisa, senge 404 Not Found HTTP kukanganisa, mhedzisiro inotaridzika zvakafanana:
Kutarisa mhinduro yeserver kuburikidza nebrowser console
Iyo web browser yekuvandudza koni inopa maturusi ekuitisa akasiyana mashandiro, kusanganisira kutarisa peji remamiriro kodhi. Kuti uone iyo HTTP kodhi mumhinduro yeserver, unofanirwa kuvhura iyo developer console (Ctrl+Shift+K) kana (Ctrl+shift+J) zvichienderana nebrowser inoshandiswa. Tevere, sarudza chikamu che "network" uye rongedza peji raunoda:
Kutarisa mhinduro yeseva uchishandisa maturusi akazvimirira
Kune akawanda masevhisi epamhepo akazvimiririra anopa maturusi ekutarisa kodhi yemamiriro epeji rewebhusaiti. Masevhisi aya anowanzo kukubvumira kuti uwane nekukurumidza tarisiro yekuwanikwa kwezvishandiso zvako uye mashandiro azvo. Zvese zvinoshanda uchishandisa musimboti mumwe chete. Semuenzaniso, tichafunga nezvechishandiso chinonyanya kufarirwa - httpstatus.io
Chekutanga pane zvese, iwe unofanirwa kuvhura iyo sevhisi pachayo, wobva waisa kero yepeji iyo mhinduro yaunoda kuziva, uye kukumbira kuongororwa:
Mhedzisiro icharatidzwa pazasi pepeji:
mhedziso
Mukupedzisa, zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti kunzwisisa uye kukwanisa kuverenga HTTP kukanganisa makodhi hunyanzvi hunyanzvi kune chero munhu anobatanidzwa mukuvandudza webhu uye kuchengetedza server. Sezvo isu tichiona chikanganiso chega chega uye nekuongorora maturusi ekuzviona, tinoona zvikonzero nei zvakakosha kubata nemasevhisi aya ewebhu.
