Ko te huarahi matua ki te hono atu ki tētahi tūmau Linux ko te whakamahi i te kawa SSH . He haumaru tēnei momo hononga, nā te mea kua whakamunatia ngā raraunga katoa e tukuna ana mā roto. Hei whakatū hononga SSH me whirihora e koe ki te tūmau mamao e hiahia ana koe ki te hono atu, me te kiritaki hoki i te taha o te kaiwhakamahi. He nui ngā pūmanawa mō te hononga SSH. Mō Linux, ko te mōkihi OpenSSH te mea tino rongonui, ā, mō Windows, ko te nuinga o te tangata e whakamahi ana i te PuTTY.
Kia ata titiro ki te whirihoranga tūmau ma te whakamahi i te Ubuntu Server 18.04 hei tauira, katahi ka ngana ki te hono atu ki te tūmau mai i Linux me Windows.
Ka ahu mai ngā mahi katoa a te kaiwhakamahi noa i te pūkete. I tēnei wā, i hangaia e mātou he kaiwhakamahi " mihail ", ā, ka monoa te pūkete " pūtake " i te taunoa.
Tatūnga taha tūmau
Whakaritehia te kete e whakahaere ana i tenei tono:
sudo apt install openssh-server
I muri i te mutunga o te whakaurunga, kia mohio kei te mahi te ratonga. Whakamahia tenei tono:
systemctl status sshd
Ko te tikanga o te tūnga " Hohe (e rere ana) " kua whakahohea te ratonga, ā, kei te mahi noa.
Hei karo i te aukati i nga hononga taumai e te papangaahi, me whakakore e koe, na te mea kaore matou e whirihora i te papangaahi whatunga i tenei tuhinga.
Whakamahia tenei tono:
sudo ufw disable
I tenei wa ka taea e koe te hono atu ki te tūmau. Ma nga tautuhinga taunoa ka taea e te tūmau te hono ki te tauranga paerewa 22 me te motuhēhēnga-kupuhipa.
hononga SSH mai i Linux
Hei tikanga, ka whakauruhia te kiritaki OpenSSH ki runga i te Linux ma te taunoa, kaore e hiahiatia he whirihoranga a-ringa. Ka taea te hono mai i te tauranga me te awhina o te whakahau ssh. Ko nga tawhā i tenei keehi ko te ingoa kaiwhakamahi me te wahitau IP o te tūmau mamao. I runga i ta maatau tūmau whakamatautau e whakamahia ana hei tauira, kotahi noa te kaute "mihail", no reira ka whakamahia e matou tenei.
ssh [email protected]I te hononga tuatahi me whakaū koe i te tāpiritanga o te kī tūmatanui a te tūmau ki te pātengi raraunga, nō reira whakautua " āe ". Whai muri i tēnā ka taea e koe te whakauru i te kupuhipa. Mena ka angitu te hononga, ka kite koe i te tuhinga mihi o te raina whakahau a te tūmau. Inaianei ka whakahaerehia ngā whakahau katoa i runga i te tūmau mamao.
SSH mai i Windows
Whakatuwheratia a Putty, ka whakatakoto i ngā tawhā hononga. Kia tino hurihia te pātene " Momo hononga " ki te SSH . Whakauruhia te wāhitau IP ki te mara " Ingoa Kaihautū ", te uara taunoa 22 ki te " Tauranga " ka pāwhiri i te " Whakatuwhera ".
I te hononga tuatahi ka tono a Putty kia whakaū koe e whakawhirinaki ana koe ki tēnei tūmau, pāwhiritia " Āe ".
I muri i to whakauru i te takiuru me te kupuhipa, ka kite koe i te rarangi whakahau o te tūmau mamao.
Motuhēhēnga mā te kī. Te piki ake o te taumata haumaru
I te wa e ngana ana te kiritaki ki te whakatu hononga haumaru ki te tūmau ma te SSH, i mua i te tuku hononga ka hiahia te tūmau ki te whakamotuhēhē (manatoko) te kiritaki. Ka rite ki te korero i mua, ko te whakamotuhēhēnga-kupuhipa e whakamahia ana ma te taunoa. Kare e whakarato i te haumarutanga pakari, na te mea he huarahi tonu hei whakakaha. I tua atu, kaore te motuhēhēnga kupuhipa e tika ana ki nga hononga SSH me te whakamahi i nga tuhinga.
Mo tenei momo mahi he tikanga motuhēhēnga motuhake mā te kī. Ko te kaupapa ko te mahi a te kiritaki i nga taviri motuhake me nga taviri a te iwi, katahi ka tukuna te ki te iwi ki te tūmau. I muri i tera kaore koe e hiahia kupuhipa ki te hono atu ki te tūmau, na te mea kei te whakahaerehia te motuhēhēnga i runga i nga taviri a te kiritaki me te tangata takitahi. Hei whakarato i te taumata pai o te haumarutanga, me whakawhäitihia te uru ki te kï tūmataiti. Na te mea kei te rongoa te taviri tūmataiti ki te taha o te kiritaki, kaore i te whakawhitihia i roto i te whatunga, ka whakaponohia he pai ake tenei tikanga.
Motuhēhēnga mā te kī i runga i te Linux
Me whakaputa e tatou nga taviri a te iwi me nga taviri motuhake i runga i te kiritaki ma te awhina o te rorohiko whaipainga ssh-keygen. Ka whakaaro te taputapu ki te huri i te ara ki te kī tūmataiti me te whakauru i te kīangahipa mo te haumarutanga ake. Waiho nga tawhā katoa ma te taunoa ma te pehi i te Enter i nga tono katoa.
Nō reira, i roto i te whaiaronga kāinga i te kōpaki .ssh ka kitea e koe ngā kōnae e rua kua hangaia: id_rsa me id_rsa.pub kei roto nei ngā kī tūmataiti me ngā kī tūmatanui.
Whai muri i tēnā, me tuku e koe te kī tūmatanui ki te tūmau. Hei mahi i tēnā, tāruatia ngā ihirangi o te kōnae " id_rsa.pub " ki roto i te kōnae " ~/.ssh/authorized_keys " i runga i te tūmau. Mā te taputapu " ssh-copy-id " ka tīmata tātou . Whakauruhia te takiuru me te wāhitau IP o te tūmau, pērā i te hononga noa. Whai muri i tō whakauru i te kupuhipa, ka tāruatia aunoatia te kī tūmatanui o te kiritaki ki te tūmau. Whakahaerehia tēnei whakahau:
ssh-copy-id [email protected]
I muri i a koe e mahi ana i enei mea katoa, kaore te tūmau e hiahia ki te whakauru kupuhipa.
Motuhēhēnga mā te kī i runga Windows
Whakatuwheratia a PUTTYGEN ka pāwhiri i te " Whakaputa ". Hei whakaputa i ngā kī, me neke noa tō kiore ki runga i te mata, ā, ka whakaputa matapōkeretia ngā kī e te taputapu.
Kia oti ngā kī te whakaputa, pāwhiritia te " Tiaki kī tūmataiti " ka tiaki ki te kōnae me te kī tūmataiti kei runga i tō kōpae. Ka taea e koe te whakatakoto i te ara e pai ana ki a koe, engari i muri tata mai me tohu e koe ki roto i te Putty. Kātahi ka tāruatia te kī tūmatanui mai i te tihi o te matapihi.
Me tuku te kī tūmatanui mā te tārua noa ki te pūwhakamutunga. Whakatuwheratia a Putty ka hono atu ki te tūmau pērā i te tikanga. Nā, me waihanga " .ssh/authorized_keys " ka aukati i ngā kaiwhakamahi kē atu ki te uru atu ki te kōnae, kia wātea noa ai ki te kaihanga.
mkdir .ssh
touch .ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 700 .ssh
chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keysWhai muri i te waihanga i te konae, whakauruhia te kii whanui a te kiritaki ki roto. I te wahanga o mua i kapea e matou te taviri a te iwi ki te papatopenga. Hei tuhi i nga mea kei roto i te papatopenga ki te konae, whakamahia te whakahau ngeru me te hurihanga putanga.
cat > .ssh/authorized_keysKia oti te whakauru i te whakahau, pāwhiritia te pātene matau o te kiore i te matapihi o te kāpeka, ka whakapiri i ngā mea kei roto i te papatopenga. Hei whakaū i te whakaurunga, pēhi i te pokatata " Ctrl+D " ka momotu mai i te tūmau.
Inaianei me tohu te ara ki te taviri tūmataiti i Putty ka hono ano ki te tūmau.
Mai i tenei wa, ki te hono atu ki te tūmau ka hiahia koe ki te whakauru ingoa kaiwhakamahi. Mena kei te ngana koe ki te hono atu ki te tūmau mai i tetahi atu taputapu karekau he kī tūmataiti tika, ka tono kupuhipa te tūmau. Whai muri i te whakamotuhēhēnga-matua kua whakaritea, ka taea e koe te whakakore i te uru ma te kupuhipa.
