Linux ētita kuputuhi

He taputapu tino nui ngā ētita tuhinga papatohu i roto i te whakahaere tūmau, e whakarato ana i te kaha ki te waihanga me te whakatika i ngā kōnae tuhinga. He mea motuhake ēnei nā te mea kei runga i te raina whakahau, kāore he huānga whakairoiro, engari i te wa ano ka whakaratohia e rātou ngā kōwhiringa katoa e tika ana mō te mahi whai hua me ngā mōhiohio tuhinga. Ka whai hua tēnei taputapu mō ngā mahi iti, hei tauira, te huri i tētahi kōnae motuhake, me te ako katoa i ngā rangitaki tūmau i runga i te Linux.

I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka tātarihia e mātou ētahi ētita tuhinga papatohu mō ngā pūnaha whakahaere Linux. Me titiro tātou ki ngā otinga tino rongonui, pērā i a nano , vim , me te kōrero anō hoki mō ngā mea kāore i te tino mōhiotia: emacs , joe me micro . I muri i te pānui, ka whai whakaaro whānui te kaiwhakamahi mō ngā ētita katoa kua whakarārangihia, ā, ka taea e ia te whiriwhiri i te mea tino pai mō tana tūmau motuhake, tūmau mariko rānei.

ētita kupu Nano

Ko Nano tētahi o ngā ētita tuhinga rongonui mō ngā pūnaha Linux. He rerekē ki te nuinga o ngā taputapu, he painga ahurei tā te nano - kāore e hiahiatia he taumata ngaio teitei hei whakamahi. Kua hangaia tēnei ētita tuhinga papatohu kia ngāwari ki te whakamahi, kia māmā hoki te whakamahi, kia taea ai e te hunga tīmata te uru atu. I te nuinga o te wā, kua tāutahia kētia ki te pūnaha. Heoi, ki te kore e wātea, ka taea e koe te tāuta i te ētita mā te whakamahi i ngā whakahau e whai ake nei:

Mo CentOS:

yum install nano

I runga i a Debian/Ubuntu:

apt install nano

Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tenei whakahau hei whakatuwhera i te konae me te mahi ano i roto i te ētita tuhinga:

nano path/to/file

Kei raro i te matapihi he rārangi o ngā whakahau taketake mō te mahi me ngā kōnae. Whakamahia noa te kī Ctrl i te wā kotahi me te mahi e hiahiatia ana. Ka taea e ngā tuhinga taputapu te whakarato i ētahi atu kōrero taipitopito.

Hei whakamahi taputapu me nga whiringa karekau e puta ki te tauranga, whakamahia te wetereo:

nano option path/to/file

He rarangi katoa o nga mahi e waatea ana ka kitea i roto i nga tuhinga kei te hono i runga ake nei. Ko nga mea matua ko enei e whai ake nei:

+number - whakapūtā te rārangi i roto i te kōnae ki te tīmata ki
--tabsize=digit - Whakaritehia te rahi o nga ripa ki nga waahi
--smooth - whakaahei te panuku maeneene ina nuku ana i te konae
--mouse - whakaahei te tautoko kiore mo te whakatere me te miramira kuputuhi
--autoindent - taapiri aunoa i nga nuku ina neke ki te raina hou
--wordwrap - takai nga rarangi ki nga kupu, kaua ki nga tohu
--softwrap - takai i nga raina ma te titiro, me te kore e whakarereke i te tuhinga tuuturu
--syntax=language - whakaaheitia te wetereo miramira mo te reo hotaka motuhake
--bookmarks - taapiri tohu tohu kia tere te whakatere i te konae
--multibuffer - whakatuwhera i nga konae maha i roto i nga papaa rereke mo te whakatika i te wa kotahi
--linenumbers - whakaatu tau raina ki te paetaha
--rebindkey=key:command - tautapahia ano he taviri ki tetahi tono motuhake

He mea nui kia whakahuatia, hei whakahohe, hei whakatika rānei i ētahi mahi, me whakamahi koe i te kōnae whirihoranga kei / etc/nanorc . Hei whakahohe, hei whakakore rānei i tētahi mahi, me tango e koe te mahi kōrero mai i te rārangi (tohu #), ā, hei hanga huringa ki tētahi kōwhiringa motuhake - hurihia te uara e rite ana.

ētita kuputuhi Vim

Ko Vim — he ētita tuhinga papatohu matatau, he putanga whakapai ake tēnei o te vi taketake , i tukuna i te tau 1976. Ko tōna āhuatanga motuhake kei roto i te ariā ahurei o ngā aratau whakahaere: te aratau noa, te aratau whakauru me te aratau tirohanga. I rongonui ia mō tōna whai huatanga i roto i te hōtaka nā te whānuitanga o ngā whakahau me te tautoko mō ngā kīanga auau mō te rapu me te whakakapi. Kāore i rite ki ngā ētita ngāwari ake pēnei i a nano, ka roa ake te wā e mōhio ai a vim.

Kua oti te whakaurunga ki runga i te CentOS me te whakahau:

yum install vim

I runga i a Debian/Ubuntu:

apt install vim

Ka whakarewahia te papatono ka whakatuwherahia te konae e hiahiatia ana ma te whakahau:

vim path/to/file

E kitea ana i te tauira i runga ake nei, ka whakahohea te whakamārama waehere i roto i te vim mā te taunoa. He whānui rawa te mahi a te kaupapa, ā, he rerekē te whakahaere kōnae i ētita kē atu. Kua tohaina e ngā kaiwhakawhanake tētahi rauemi Āwhina motuhake hei ako taipitopito i ngā taputapu me ngā whakahau katoa.

Anei, hei tauira, ko te ahua o nga whakahau tino noa:

i - haere ki te aratau whakauru ki te timata ki te whakauru kupu
Esc - puta te aratau whakauru ka hoki ki te aratau whakahau (aratau noa)
:w - tiakina te konae onāianei
:q - whakamutua te kōnae onāianei
:q! - whakamutua te konae onāianei me te kore e penapena huringa
yy – tārua i te rārangi onāianei
dd – tapahia te raina o naianei
p - whakapiri i te raina kua kapehia, kua tapahia ranei i muri i te raina o naianei
u - wetekina te mahi whakamutunga
/search_term – rapua te aho rapu_term i roto i te konae
:s/old/new/g - whakakapihia nga waahanga tawhito katoa ki te mea hou i te raina o naianei
:set number - whakaatu tau raina

He ētita tuhinga kaha, ngāwari hoki a Vim , i hangaia hei whakapai ake i te tukanga mahi me te tuhinga. Ko te ngoikoretanga matua ko te arai urunga teitei rawa atu mō ngā tīmatanga. Tērā pea kāore te atanga me ngā whakahau i te mōhio ki te hunga e tīmata ana ki te ako, ā, ka ara ake pea ētahi uauatanga i te tīmatanga.

Emacs ētita kuputuhi

He ētita tuhinga kaha, ka taea te whakarite a Emacs , e whakarato ana i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga mō te whakatika tuhinga, te tuhi waehere, me te whakahaere kōnae. E tautoko ana i ngā reo hōtaka maha, he tautoko ā-roto mō ngā toronga (monomai), ā, e āhei ai te kaiwhakamahi ki te waihanga i ā rātou ake tuhinga hei whakahaere aunoa i ngā mahi. He pūnaha whakahaere parepare me te matapihi ahurei anō hoki tā Emacs , e waiho ana hei tētahi o ngā ētita tino ngāwari me te whai āhuatanga nui.

Hei whakauru ki runga CentOS, ka whakamahia e matou te whakahau:

yum install emacs

I runga i a Debian/Ubuntu:

apt install emacs

Ko te whakatuwhera i tetahi konae motuhake i roto i te papatohu he rite ki etahi atu kaiwhakatika:

emacs path/to/file

Mā te taunoa, ka monokia te whakamārama wetereo, ā, kāore te āhua i rerekē i ērā atu ētita papatohu. Kei raro i te mata he pae tūnga, ā, kei runga te mahi matua. Heoi, ina mahi ana me te putanga papatohu o te ētita, ka wātea noa tēnei mahi mā te whakamahi i te pokatata papapātuhi. He mea nui kia mōhio ko ngā kī āwhina e whakamahia ana ko te kī Mana, kua whakatakotoria ki te Ctrl mā te taunoa, me te kī Meta, kua whakatakotoria ki te Alt. Mā te whārangi tuhinga i runga i te paetukutuku mana koe e āwhina ki te mōhio ki te mahi katoa.

Hei tauira, tirohia nga whakahau e tino whakamahia ana:

Alt+X – patohia he whakahau
Ctrl+X Ctrl+C - kati ētita
Ctrl+G - whakakore i te mahi
Ctrl+H b – whakaatu taviri pokatata
Ctrl+X Ctrl+S – Tiaki kōnae
Ctrl+X Ctrl+F – tuwhera kōnae
Alt+W - kape
Ctrl+W - tapahia
Ctrl+Y - whakapiri
Ctrl+X 2 - wehe poutū te matapihi
Ctrl+X 0- whakawhiti i waenga i nga matapihi
Ctrl+X -> Ctrl+X <- whakawhiti i waenga i nga kaitarai

Hei whakarāpopototanga, he āhuatanga ahurei kei roto i ngā emacs pērā i te pūnaha whakahau ngāwari, te whakaritenga teitei, me ngā otinga mahi whānui. Mā te raina whakahau me ngā macros ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te waihanga i ngā tukanga whakahaere tino kaha. Heoi, nā te mea he tino ngāwari te hanganga, kāore i te tūtohutia kia whakamahia e te hunga tīmata.

Joe ētita kuputuhi

He ētita tuhinga a Joe e ahu mai ana i te papatohu i hangaia e Joseph Ellis. He atanga māmā, he māmā hoki tōna, he pai mō te mahi i roto i te papatohu tuhinga. Ka whakaratohia e Joe ngā mahi whakatika tuhinga taketake pēnei i te whakauru, te muku, te tārua, me ngā āhuatanga matatau tae atu ki te tautoko i ngā reo hōtaka maha me te whakamārama wetereo. Pērā i a nano , he kōwhiringa pai tēnei ētita mō te hunga e aro nui ana ki te whakamahinga.

Tono ki te whakauru ki runga CentOS:

yum install joe

I runga i a Debian/Ubuntu:

apt install joe

Ka whakatuwherahia he konae tuhinga ma te whakahau:

joe path/to/file

Ka whakahohehia te whakamāramatanga o te tuhinga mā te taunoa, ā, ka whakaaturia ngā mōhiohio taketake mō te kōnae e whakatikahia ana ki te tihi o te ētita. Pērā i ngā ētita o mua, he maha atu ngā kōwhiringa a Joe , tae atu ki te tautoko i ngā whakahau macro. Hei mōhio ki te huinga whakahau taketake, me whakamahi koe i te huinga kī Ctrl+K , kātahi ka te kī H. Ka whakaaturia ngā mahi e wātea ana ki te tihi o te pūwhakamutunga:

Kei te whārangi tuhinga he rārangi taipitopito ake o ngā āhuatanga.

He māmā noa iho te atanga o Joe , ā, he māmā noa iho te whakamahi mā te hunga tīmata. I taua wā anō, he maha ngā āhuatanga kaha e whakaratohia ana, pērā i te tautoko matapihi maha, te whakamārama tuhinga, te rapu me te whakakapi, ā, he mea e ātaahua ai ki ngā kaiwhakamahi mātau. Ko te ngoikoretanga o Joe , kāore i te whānui te tautoko me te whanaketanga ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu ētita tuhinga, ā, ka iti pea ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakahoutanga ā muri ake nei. Tērā pea ka raru pea ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te mōhio ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā huinga kī ina huri mai i ētahi atu otinga.

ētita kupu moroiti

Micro — he ētita kuputuhi māmā, ngāwari ki te whakamahi, i hangaia me te arotahi ki te iti me te ngāwari o te whakamahi. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei taputapu ngā mahi whakatika tuhinga taketake, ā, ka tautoko i ngā toronga mahi tāpiri. Ka tautoko a Micro i te whakamārama wetereo mō ngā reo hōtaka rerekē, te whakamārama maha-rārangi, te tautoko monomai me ētahi atu tautuhinga kaiwhakamahi ka taea te whakarite.

Ko te whakaurunga ki runga i te CentOS ka whakahaerehia ma te whakamahi i tetahi tuhinga motuhake me te whakahau:

curl https://getmic.ro | bash

I runga i a Debian/Ubuntu:

apt install micro

Kia mahara: ma te whakamahi i tenei tikanga whakaurunga, ka rereke ano te whakarewatanga o te ētita i runga i te CentOS. Ka taea e koe te whakatuwhera i tetahi konae kei roto i to raarangi kaainga me te whakahau:

./micro path/to/file

Hei whakamahi i te taputapu mai i tētahi kōpaki, me nuku e koe ki / usr/bin . Hei mahi i tēnei ka whakamahia e mātou te whakahau

mv micro /usr/bin/

Ā muri iho, ka rite tonu te tukanga whakarewatanga moroiti i runga i ngā pūnaha Linux katoa, tae atu ki a Debian/Ubuntu:

micro path/to/file

Ka taea te ako i ngā kī mō te whakatere me te whakatika i tētahi tuhinga mā te pēhi i te Alt+G . Ka whakaaturia ngā whakahau e whakamahia nuitia ana ki raro i te pūwhakamutunga:

Mā te huinga Ctlr+G ka huaki te wāhanga āwhina katoa o te taputapu:

Ka taea e koe te ako atu mō ngā āheinga o te taputapu i te whārangi kaupapa GitHub mana i te wāhanga tuhinga.

I te nuinga o te wā, he kōwhiringa pai te ētita moroiti mō te hunga kua taunga ki te māmā me te ngāwari ki te whakamahi. Nā tōna hoahoa iti me te tere o te mahi, he taputapu ātaahua tēnei mō ngā kaihōtaka. Heoi, ko te ngoikoretanga pea ko te iti o ngā mahi me te kore o tētahi atanga whakairoiro. Ahakoa tēnei, he otinga pono, he otinga whai hua tonu te ētita moroiti mō te whakatika i ngā kōnae tuhinga.

Opaniraa

Ko te arotake o nga kaiwhakamahara papatohu kupu mo Linux i whakaatu i te rereketanga me nga ahuatanga ahurei o ia tangata. Ko te kore o te otinga tika anake e whakanui ana i te hiranga o te whiringa takitahi, ka taea e nga kaiwhakamahi te urutau i o raatau wheako kia rite ki o raatau hiahia me o raatau whakaritenga. He maha nga waahanga o nga kaiwhakatika kupu papatohu mo Linux ka whai waahi nga kaiwhakamahi ki te whakarite i te taputapu ki o raatau hiahia, e whakaatu ana i te ngawari me te rereketanga o te ao o te tukatuka kupu.