Yadda ake saita sabar gidan yanar gizo (Apache-PHP-MySQL/MariaDB) akan Linux

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu ba ku umarnin mataki-mataki kan yadda ake saita yanayin gidan yanar gizo akan sabar da ke aiki da Linux. Abu na farko da farko, kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa sabar gidan yanar gizo ta yau da kullun ta ƙunshi ƴan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa:

• HTTP uwar garken
• mai fassara harshen shirye-shirye
• Tsarin Gudanar da bayanai (DBMS)

Don sarrafa gidan yanar gizon ku kuma kuna buƙatar saita tsarin sarrafa abun ciki (CMS), mahaɗin yanar gizo don sarrafa bayanai, da shiga FTP.

Bari mu yi la'akari da kafa mashahurin sanyi Apache-PHP-MySQL (MariaDB) akan Linux. Za mu kuma shigar vsftpd ftp uwar garken, phpMyAdmin - mahaɗin yanar gizo don sarrafa bayanai, da tsarin sarrafa abun ciki WordPress.

Don farawa don Allah oda VPS uwar garken or sadarwar sadarwar. Misali mun yi amfani da uwar garken kama-da-wane tare da adireshi IP na tsaye wanda ke gudana Ubuntu Server 18.04. Tushen mai amfani ya gudanar da duk umarni.

Tsarin uwar garken HTTP Apache

1. Installation

apt install apache2

Idan an gama shigarwa, buɗe mashigar bincike kuma duba "http://[server's_ip_address]"

Idan kun ga shafin maraba kamar wannan akan hoton hoton da ke sama, wannan yana nufin cewa sabar HTTP ɗin ku tana aiki.

2. Ƙirƙiri shafin gwaji

Tushen tushen tushen gidan yanar gizon shine "/var/www/html". Anan ne zaku iya samun shafin maraba da kuka gani yanzu. Bari mu ƙirƙiri kundin adireshi daban "/var/www/sites" don runduna kama-da-wane da babban fayil "/var/www/sites/site1" tare da shafin fihirisar gidan yanar gizon gwajin ku.

cd /var/www/

mkdir -p sites/site1

echo "<H1>Welcome</H1>" > sites/site1/index.html

A sakamakon fayil "/var/www/sites/site1/index.html" yakamata ya ƙunshi layi ɗaya na lambar html:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

3. Tsarin uwar garken Apache

Fayilolin saiti na gidajen yanar gizon suna ciki "/etc/apache2/sites-available/" kasida. Bari mu ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin daidaitawa don sabon runduna kama-da-wane da ke ɗaukar tsayayyen tsari daga fayil ɗin "000-default.conf" a matsayin tushe.

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/

cp 000-default.conf site1.conf

Bude fayil "site1.conf" kuma canzawa "DocumentRoot" sifa. Sanya hanyar gidan yanar gizon ku azaman darajar, don haka a cikin yanayinmu yana da "/var/www/sites/site1"

A wannan mataki ba ma buƙatar daidaita ayyukan gidajen yanar gizo da yawa a lokaci ɗaya, don haka za mu iya kashe tsoffin gidan yanar gizon mu ba da damar sabon rukunin yanar gizon. Sake shigar da saitin uwar garken don amfani da canje-canje.

a2dissite 000-default

a2ensite site1

systemctl reload apache2

Bude hanyar haɗi "http://[server's _ip_address]" sake kuma tabbatar da cewa maimakon tsohon shafin maraba muna da sabon shafin mu.

Mun gama daidaita sabar HTTP ɗin mu kuma za mu iya ci gaba zuwa mataki na gaba.

Tsarin uwar garken FTP

1. Installation

Mu shigar da uwar garken ftp ɗin mu da ƙarin fakitin "db-util", cewa za mu buƙaci daidaita masu amfani

apt install vsftpd db-util

2. Ƙirƙiri asusun gida

Sabar vsftpd tana ba mu damar saita izinin shiga ta hanya mai sassauƙa. Don ayyukanmu muna buƙatar samar da masu amfani da ftp masu zuwa:

• cikakken damar yin amfani da abinda ke ciki na "/var/www/sites/";
• kashe duk abin da ke sama "/var/www/";
• haɗi tare da asusun kama-da-wane;

Ƙirƙiri asusun gida "na zahiri" ba tare da izinin shiga ba amma tare da samun dama ga babban fayil na gida "/var/www/". Masu amfani da ftp za su yi amfani da wannan asusun don haɗawa da uwar garken

useradd -d /var/www virtual

" Tushen" zai zama mai mallakar "/var/www" babban fayil ta tsohuwa. Domin baiwa masu amfani da ftp damar canza abubuwan da ke cikin gidan yanar gizon, bari mu canza mai shi "/var/www/sites/" gami da manyan fayiloli na "na zahiri".

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

A sakamakon haka, mai amfani "na zahiri" za su iya ganin abinda ke ciki "/var/www/" kuma rubuta a cikin "/var/www/sites/" babban fayil

3. Kanfigareshan

Babban tsari yana cikin fayil ɗin "/etc/vsftpd.conf", don haka mu bude shi mu gyara shi kamar haka:

#enable virtual users

anonymous_enable=NO

local_enable=YES

guest_enable=YES

guest_username=virtual

#configure permission

write_enable=YES

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

anon_other_write_enable=YES

anon_world_readable_only=NO

anon_umask=0022

chroot_local_user=YES

#launch settings

listen=YES

pasv_min_port=30000

pasv_max_port=30999

4. Ƙirƙiri bayanan bayanai

Kuna buƙatar ma'ajin bayanai don adana bayanan asusun ajiyar kuɗi.

Da farko, bari mu ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin rubutu mai sauƙi "users.txt" a cikin babban fayil ɗin gida kuma adana bayanan shiga (shiga da kalmar sirri) na masu amfani da kullun cikin kowane layi. Misali, za mu buƙaci mai amfani mai kama-da-wane tare da shiga "ftp" da kalmar sirri "Qwe123". Sannan fayil ɗin zai yi kama da haka:

ftp

Qwe123

Bari mu ƙirƙiri da database

db_load -T -t hash -f ~/users.txt /etc/vsftpd_login.db

Bari mu gyara tsohuwar fayil ɗin PAM "/etc/pam.d/vsftp" mai bi:

auth required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

account required /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_login

Da fatan za a lura cewa hanyar da "pam_userdb.so" ɗakin karatu na iya bambanta amma zaka iya canza shi idan an buƙata.

Sake shigar da uwar garken vsftpd don aiwatar da canje-canje.

systemctl restart vsftpd

Mun gama saita uwar garken FTP.

Bayanin haɗin kai:

• ftp://[server's_ip_address]
• shiga: ftp
• kalmar sirri: Qwe123

Tsarin uwar garken PHP

1. Shigar da PHP

A yau sabon sigar kwanciyar hankali na PHP shine php 7.4.5 wanda ba a haɗa shi cikin ma'ajin Ubuntu na hukuma ba. Bari mu haɗa ma'ajiyar ɓangare na uku kuma mu shigar da sabuwar sigar PHP.

apt update

apt install software-properties-common

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

apt update

apt install php7.4

2. Duba

Domin PHP don aiwatar da fayil ɗin shafin yanar gizon ya kamata ya kasance ".php" tsawo. Mu sake suna shafin gwajin mu:

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

mv index.html index.php

Ƙara layin php mai zuwa zuwa fayil ɗin "/var/www/sites/site1/index.php", don haka fayil ɗin yakamata yayi kama da haka:

<H1>Welcome</H1>

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

Ajiye canje-canje kuma duba sakamakon a cikin mai bincike.

Idan kun ga sakamakon aiki "phpinfo()", mai fassarar PHP yana aiki da kyau. Yanzu bari mu ci gaba zuwa mataki na gaba.

Tsarin MySQL (MariaDB).

1. Installation

Bari mu shigar da MariaDB da tsarin PHP don MySQL sannan mu sake shigar da Apache.

apt install mariadb-server php-mysql

systemctl restart apache2

Sake sabunta shafin gwaji kuma je zuwa sashin PDO a cikin teburin daidaitawa na PHP. Idan za ku iya samun sashin "PDO_mysql", to yana nufin an shigar da direba don Mysql daidai.

Sa'an nan za mu buƙaci yin saitunan tsaro na farko na MariaDB kuma mu saita kalmar sirri don "Akidar" mai amfani, musaki damar nesa, kuma share duk asusun baƙo.

mysql_secure_installation

A mataki na farko, dole ne mu shigar da "tushen" kalmar sirrin mai amfani don samun damar DBMS ko danna Shigar idan babu kalmar sirri. Tunda babu kalmar sirri da aka saita don "tushen" mai amfani bayan shigarwa, kawai danna "Shiga".

Lura cewa a cikin MariaDB akwai asusun nasa waɗanda basu da alaƙa da asusun OS. Don haka kawai mai amfani da muke hulɗa da shi a cikin MariaDB shine "tushen".

Bayan haka, mai daidaitawa zai tambaye mu mu saita kalmar sirri don tushen mai amfani. Nau'in "Y" don tabbatarwa da shigar da sabon kalmar sirri. A cikin yanayinmu, yana da "Qwe123"

Reply "Y" ga duk sauran tambayoyi har zuwa ƙarshe.

An yi tsari!

MariaDB cikakkun bayanai:

• Login: tushen
• Kalmar wucewa: Qwe123

phpMyAdmin sanyi

1. Installation

Bari mu shigar da mahimmancin tsawo don PHP - mbstring.

apt install php-mbstring

A cikin ma'ajiyar hukuma akwai tsohuwar sigar phpMyAdmin, don haka bari mu shigar da sabon da hannu.

Bude official website na aikin "https://www.phpmyadmin.net/” kuma zazzage sabon kayan tarihin.

Kwafi tarihin zuwa uwar garken da ke cikin "/var/www/sites/" babban fayil ta amfani da kowane abokin ciniki na ftp.

Cire babban fayil ɗin kuma sake suna zuwa "phpMyAdmin". Kar ka manta da shigar da "cire zip" mai amfani. Kuna iya share tarihin bayan kun cire shi.

apt install unzip

cd /var/www/sites/

unzip phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

mv phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages phpMyAdmin

rm phpMyAdmin-5.0.2-all-languages.zip

Ƙirƙiri babban fayil mai zuwa "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/tmp" don fayilolin wucin gadi kuma ba da damar shiga ga kowa da kowa. Idan baku yi wannan ba, phpMyAdmin zai ba da rahoton an hana samun dama ga babban fayil ɗin wucin gadi.

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

mkdir tmp

chmod 777 tmp

2. Ƙirƙirar laƙabi

Tunda phpMyAdmin ba mai watsa shiri bane daban kuma yana waje da tushen directory, bari mu saita sunan.

Bude fayil "/etc/apache2/mods-available/alias.conf" kuma ƙara wannan layin:

Alias /pma “/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin"

a cikin wannan rukuni:

<IfModule alias_module>

</IfModule>

Sake saka Apache don amfani da canje-canje.

systemctl reload apache2

An saita laƙabi, don haka zamu iya samun damar phpMyAdmin anan "http://[server's_ip_address]/pma".

3. Shirya bayanan

Tun da mun ƙuntata amfani da tushen mai amfani yayin daidaitawar farko na MariaDB, dole ne mu ƙirƙiri sabon asusu tare da duk izini waɗanda za a yi amfani da su don samun damar phpMyAdmin.

Bayan haka, don kunna ƙarin fasalulluka na phpMyAdmin za mu buƙaci bayanan sabis da asusu don samun dama gare ta.

Bari mu ƙirƙiri asusun

mariadb -u root -p

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH GRANT OPTION;

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `phpmyadmin`.* TO 'pmaservice'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwe123' WITH grant option;

quit

Lura cewa sunan bayanan da ke cikin buƙatun na biyu yana cikin tartsatsin baya “… ON 'phpmyadmin'.* ZUWA 'pma'@'localhost' AN GANO TA…”,

A sakamakon haka, za a sami asusun biyu da aka ƙirƙira a cikin MariaDB:

• Shiga: pma, Kalmar wucewa: Qwe123 Cikakken damar shiga, za a yi amfani da shi don shiga phpMyAdmin
• Shiga: pmaservice, Kalmar wucewa: Qwe123 Ana buƙatar asusun sabis don ƙarin fasalulluka don aiki

A mataki na gaba, za mu saita waɗannan cikakkun bayanai a cikin fayil ɗin sanyi "config.inc.php".

Sannan za mu buƙaci shigo da bayanan bayanai daga fayil ɗin "phpMyAdmin/sql/create_tables.sql".

Bari mu shigo da shi tare da taimakon phpMyAdmin.

Bude hanyar haɗi "http://[server's_ip_address]/pma"

Shigar da shiga "pma" da kalmar sirri "Qwe123"

Ka tafi zuwa ga "Shigo", danna "Zaɓi fayil" kuma zaɓi fayil ɗin "sql/create_tables.sql" a cikin tushen directory na phpMyAdmin. Ya kamata akwai babban fayil akan PC ɗin ku "phpMyAdmin" da fayiloli. Cire shi idan ya cancanta.

Click “Gaba” don fara shigo da kaya.

4. Kanfigareshan

Bari mu kwafi fayil ɗin sanyi daga samfuri

cd /var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/

cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

Bari mu buɗe fayil ɗin sanyi "/var/www/sites/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php" kuma kuyi canje-canje masu zuwa:

Saita kimar bazuwar haruffa 32 don sifa "$cfg['blowfish_asiri']". Yi amfani da kowane janareta na kalmar sirri don shi..

Cire sharhi daga duk layukan " phpMyAdmin saitin ajiyar ajiya" sashe kuma saita shiga da kalmar wucewa na asusun sabis na MariaDB don "controluser" da kuma "controlpass" halayen daidai. A cikin yanayinmu, yana da pmaservice da kuma Qwe123.

Adana canje-canje.

Bayanan shiga don phpMyadmin:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/pma/
• Shiga: pma
• Kalmar wucewa: Qwe123

Yadda ake girka da daidaita WordPress akan sabar Linux

1. Kunshin WordPress da sanya fayiloli

Jeka gidan yanar gizon WP na hukuma"https://ru.wordpress.org/” kuma zazzage faifan tarihin zuwa PC na gida.

Loda tarihin zuwa uwar garken cikin "/var/www/sites/" babban fayil kuma buɗe shi zuwa ga "wordpress"Babban fayil.

Kwafi abubuwan da ke cikin "/var/www/sites/wordpress/" tushen fayil na "/var/www/sites/site1/" website.

Tun da mun kwafi fayiloli ta hanyar na'ura wasan bidiyo tare da tushen izini, bari mu canza mai shi "/var/www/sites/" babban fayil har da abubuwan da ke ciki "na zahiri". Ana buƙatar wannan don ba da damar cikakken dama don haɗin ftp ta abokin ciniki.

cd /var/www/sites/

tar -xzvf wordpress-5.4-ru_RU.tar.gz

cp -R wordpress/* site1/

chown -R virtual:root /var/www/sites

2. Ƙirƙiri bayanai don WordPress

Shiga cikin phpMyAdmin kuma danna "Create database". Ƙayyade sunan bayanai na sabani, a cikin yanayin mu "wordpress_db" kuma danna maɓallin "Ƙirƙiri".

Zaɓi sabon bayanan bayanai a sashin hagu kuma danna "Gata"

Sa'an nan kuma danna "Ƙara asusun mai amfani".

Shigar da login da kalmar sirri (wpservice / Qwe123) a cikin bude taga, duba "Ba da duk gata a cikin wordpress_db" kuma danna “Gaba”

A shafi na gaba danna "Soke duka" don sake saita duk gata akan matakin bayanan kuma danna “Gaba”.

3. Tsarin WordPress akan uwar garken Linux

Jeka tushen tushen gidan yanar gizon ku kuma kwafi fayil ɗin sanyi daga samfuri

cd /var/www/sites/site1/

cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

bude "wp-config.php" fayil kuma shigar da sigogin haɗin bayanai waɗanda muka ƙirƙira a matakin baya kuma adana canje-canje.

4. Shigar CMS WordPress

Bude mahaɗin da ke biyo baya a cikin burauzar "http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-admin/install.php".

Cika duk filayen kuma danna "Shigar da WordPress". Saita sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri bazuwar. A cikin yanayinmu, yana da wbadmin da kuma Qwe123 daidai.

Za a yi amfani da waɗannan bayanan don samun damar WordPress.

Bayan kun gama shigarwa, buɗe hanyar haɗin "http://[server's_ip_address]/wp-login.php", shigar da bayanan shiga, kuma shiga cikin WordPress.

Ya kamata ku ga ɗaya daga cikin samfuran WordPress akan babban shafi.

An gama daidaitawa.

Cikakkun bayanan shiga WordPress:

• http://[server’s_ip_address]/wp-login.php
• Shiga: wbadmin
• Kalmar wucewa: Qwe123