Duba albarkatun uwar garken

Lokacin da uwar garken ya yi yawa, ko na kama-da-wane ko sadaukarwa, yana sa gidajen yanar gizo suyi lodi a hankali kuma suna haifar da kurakurai masu ban haushi maimakon abun ciki. Wajibi ne a kula sosai da sigoginsa da kuma gudanar da bincike kan albarkatun kan lokaci don guje wa irin wannan sakamako.

Na gaba, za mu duba bincikar albarkatun mutum ɗaya ta amfani da kayan aikin mai ba da sabis, da kuma ta hanyar tasha a gefen uwar garken. Bugu da ƙari, za mu yi la'akari da hanyoyi daban-daban don magance matsalolin da ke tattare da rashin aikin tsarin. Umurnin sun shafi kowane sabar da ke tafiyar da Linux OS, ba tare da la’akari da software da aka riga aka shigar ba.

Duba albarkatun uwar garken ta VMmanager

Kayan aiki na VMmanager shine mafi sauƙi, amma a lokaci guda mafita na duniya don bincike. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da ingantaccen gudanarwa na sadaukarwa or sabobin sabobin akan mafi yawan masu ba da sabis na zamani. A matsayin misali, za a yi rajistan a kan sigar 6 na kayan aiki, duk da haka, sigogin da suka gabata na iya gudanar da irin wannan bincike.

Don bincike, kuna buƙatar zuwa ga VMmanager Control panel kuma zaɓi injin kama-da-wane da ake so:

Na gaba, mai amfani zai iya ganin amfani da albarkatun nan da nan a ainihin lokacin. Don ƙarin ƙididdiga, kuna buƙatar zaɓar "Parameters":

Dalla-dalla shafin kididdiga a saman yana nuna halayen uwar garken gabaɗaya da nau'in haɓakawa. A kan jadawali za ku iya ganin cunkoson hanyar sadarwa, nauyin sarrafawa, RAM da amfani da sararin diski a ainihin lokacin:

Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da sararin faifai ko kididdigar albarkatu na wani ɗan lokaci, dole ne ka zaɓi abin menu da ya dace. Ana nuna bayanai game da faifai masu kama-da-wane ta wannan tsari:

Ana nuna ƙididdiga masu ɗaukar nauyi don takamaiman albarkatu a cikin sigar jadawali mai dacewa:

Yana yiwuwa a nuna jadawali mai ɗaukar nauyi na rana, mako, wata, shekara, ko da hannu zaɓin kwanakin da suka dace. Ana nuna duk manyan albarkatun: processor, RAM, ajiya, cibiyar sadarwa.

Yawancin masu amfani suna tsammanin za a yi amfani da albarkatun daidai gwargwado a cikin wani ɗan lokaci. Duk da haka, ba koyaushe haka lamarin yake ba. Misali, hanyar sadarwar cibiyar sadarwa na iya kama da kamanni koda a yanayin rashin aiki:

Babu matakan da ake buƙata a wannan yanayin. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayin na'ura, RAM ko ajiyar diski, uwar garken bai kamata ya yi amfani da duk 100% na albarkatunsa akai-akai ba; nauyin da aka ba da shawarar bai wuce 70% ba.

Duba albarkatun uwar garken a cikin tasha

Jimlar nazarin kaya

Mun riga mun duba wasu zaɓuɓɓukan bincike a cikin Gabaɗaya bincike na albarkatun uwar garken labarin. A can mun yi magana game da daidaitattun kayan aikin kamar saman/sama, da kuma duba installing da configuring da netdata mai amfani, wanda ke ba mu damar saka idanu albarkatun uwar garken ta hanyar mai bincike. A cikin wannan labarin za mu duba htop azaman madadin da top mai amfani don nazarin albarkatun tsarin gaba ɗaya.

Ba a riga an shigar da kayan aikin a cikin rarrabawar Linux ta tsohuwa ba, don haka bari mu fara da shigarwa. Don Debian/Ubuntu muna amfani da umarnin:

apt-get install htop

Don CentOS, yana da ma'ana don amfani da DUMI-DUMI wuraren ajiya. An kashe su ta hanyar tsoho, don haka umarni na farko shine alhakin ƙara su, na biyu kuma shine don shigarwa htop:

yum -y install epel-release
yum install htop -y

Dama bayan shigarwa, zaku iya buɗe mai amfani daga menu na aikace-aikacen ko a cikin tashar tare da umarnin da ya dace:

htop

A sakamakon haka, mai amfani zai iya ganin duk bayanai game da tsarin:

Kusurwar hagu na sama tana nuna bayanan mai sarrafawa, gami da amfani da kowane cibiya, RAM da swap memory. Ana amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar swap a cikin Linux a lokuta na ƙarancin RAM, yana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin. A cikin kusurwar dama na sama zaka iya ganin nauyin mai sarrafawa da adadin ayyuka masu aiki. Sashin tsakiya yana nuna matakai masu aiki tare da ikon rarrabawa. Ƙananan ɓangaren yana ba da bayani game da maɓallan zafi da ayyuka. Sashen “Taimako” ya ƙunshi cikakken bayanin iyawar shirin:

Kafin bincikar tsarin, da kanta, ya zama dole a fahimci daidai adadin cores/processors da ake amfani da su akan sabar. Mai amfani zai iya gano ƙimar su a kusurwar hagu na sama na htop mai amfani:

Ko ta hanyar gudanar da umarni:

nproc

Dangane da ƙimar da aka samu, za a ƙididdige yawan adadin da aka halatta (Matsakaicin Load a kusurwar dama ta sama). A cikin yanayinmu yana daidai da 2, wanda ke nufin matsakaicin nauyi shine 2.0. Koyaya, wannan baya nufin cewa tsarin zai daskare gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin kaya 2.0. Wannan lambar na iya zama mafi girma, amma a wannan yanayin, duk sauran ayyuka za su kasance a cikin layi, kuma uwar garken kanta za a loda shi. Ana la'akari da ƙimar da ta dace a matsayin nauyin da bai wuce 70% ba. Misali, Matsakaicin Load yakamata ya kasance tsakanin 0.7 akan uwar garken mai sarrafawa guda ɗaya. A cikin yanayin uwar garken a cikin misalin da aka ambata a sama, mai nuna alama mai kyau zai zama ƙimar da ba ta wuce 1.4 ba.

Amfani htop ko kwatankwacinsa, mai amfani yana buƙatar kimanta manyan albarkatun: matsakaicin nauyin sarrafawa, amfani da RAM, sararin faifai da cibiyar sadarwa. Idan albarkatun sun yi ƙanƙanta, kuna buƙatar warware matakai ta hanyar amfani da CPU, gano ayyukan da ake amfani da su, sannan haɓaka ko ƙare su. Idan ba zai yiwu a rufe shirin ba ko ingantawa ya gaza, ana bada shawarar yin la'akari da sauyawa zuwa uwar garken tare da tsari mai ƙarfi.

Ana duba RAM kyauta

A cikin wannan sashe, za mu dubi wani muhimmin al'amari na aikin kowane uwar garken - isasshen matakin RAM na kyauta.

Hanya mafi sauƙi don bincika RAM kyauta akan kowane tsarin Linux ta tashar tashar shine umarnin:

free -m

A fitarwa muna samun bayanai masu zuwa a cikin megabytes: jimlar, amfani, RAM kyauta da cache, haka kuma musanya girma:

Kayan aiki yana da amfani don samun bayanan gaba ɗaya a wani takamaiman lokaci a lokaci. Don bincike na amfani da RAM mai ƙarfi, muna ba da shawarar vmstat mai amfani, wanda ke ba mu damar daidaita mitar sabuntawar bayanan fitarwa:

vmstat 1

A cikin misalin da ke sama, za a sabunta bayanan kowane daƙiƙa. Ana samar da fitarwa a cikin tsari mai kama da free:

Har ila yau, kayan aikin yana ba da bayanan tsarin gaba ɗaya, amma a cikin yanayinmu, kawai ginshiƙan da ke da alhakin RAM, wato, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da musanyawa, suna da mahimmanci. Ana nuna duk ƙimar a cikin kilobytes. Mu duba su dalla-dalla:

Memory (RAM):

• swpd: rumbun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aka musanya don jiki.
• freeƘwaƙwalwar ajiya na jiki (RAM).
• buffƘwaƙwalwar ajiya da aka yi amfani da ita azaman buffer kafin rubuta faifai.
• cacheƘwaƙwalwar ajiya da aka yi amfani da ita azaman cache don saurin shiga.

Swap

• siƘwaƙwalwar ajiya da aka yi amfani da ita azaman cache don saurin shiga.
• so: bayanan da aka rubuta daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar jiki zuwa swap memory.

Na dabam, yana da daraja ambaton gaskiyar cewa duk albarkatun tsarin da ke gano abubuwan amfani da farko suna ɗaukar bayanai daga rajistan ayyukan. A cikin yanayin RAM, mai amfani zai iya duba bayanan kai tsaye ta buɗe fayil ɗin da ya dace:

cat /proc/meminfo

Fitowar yana da yawa sosai, amma ya isa a kula da bayanan farko don nazarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya:

Matsaloli tare da yawan amfani da RAM galibi suna da alaƙa da takamaiman aiki ko tsari. A farkon, bincike ta yin amfani da kayan aikin gama gari don gano matakan matsala zai isa. A matsayin mafita, kuna iya yin la'akari da inganta takamaiman aikace-aikacen, kunna caching da matsawa bayanai idan muna magana game da adadi mai yawa na bayanai, ko haɓaka saitunan uwar garken.

Ikon sararin diski

Binciken sararin diski na uwar garken baya da mahimmanci fiye da sauran albarkatun sa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, sigina game da buƙatar dubawa sune: rashin iyawa don ƙirƙira ko rubuta zuwa fayilolin data kasance, jinkirin aikin tsarin da kurakuran shigarwa / fitarwa daban-daban.

Hanya mafi dacewa don bincika ita ce umarnin:

df -h

A cikin martani, kayan aikin zai nuna bayanai akan duk ɓangarori masu ɗorewa:

Kuna iya amfani da wannan umarni don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai na saka idanu kan kundayen adireshi:

du -hs /*

Ta wannan hanyar, mai amfani zai iya gano yawan sarari da kowane kundin adireshi ke ɗauka. Don dawo da aikin tsarin, kuna buƙatar haɓaka ɓangaren faifai wanda ke cinye mafi yawan adadin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Ana ba da shawarar kada ku ƙyale fiye da 80-90% na sarari kyauta na adadin adadin da za a yi amfani da shi; sauran 10-20% ya kamata ya isa don aikin tsarin barga. Ana ba da shawarar ƙara sararin faifai idan haɓakawa ba zai yiwu ba. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyar ƙara sababbi ko faɗaɗa faifai da ke akwai, da kuma amfani da ajiyar girgije. Ko da kuwa maganin da aka zaɓa, ana ba da shawarar koyaushe yin kwafin madadin don guje wa asarar fayil.

Duba hanyar sadarwa

Na ƙarshe, amma ba ƙaramin mahimmancin yanayin binciken uwar garken shine duba hanyar sadarwar cibiyar sadarwa ba. The nethogs Ana iya amfani da mai amfani idan kuna son samun cikakken bayani game da adadin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da aka ƙididdige su ta hanyoyin hanyoyin sadarwa a ainihin lokacin.
Shigarwa da ƙaddamarwa akan Cent OS:

yum install nethogs
nethogs

Don Debian/Ubuntu:

apt-get install nethogs
nethogs

Kayan aikin zai nuna waɗannan hanyoyin da ke amfani da albarkatun cibiyar sadarwa a yanzu:

Muna bada shawarar yin amfani idan sama don ƙarin cikakken bincike.
Shigarwa da ƙaddamarwa akan Cent OS:

yum install iftop
iftop

Don Debian/Ubuntu:

apt-get install iftop
iftop

Fitowar shirin shine jerin haɗin kai masu aiki da ke nuna adiresoshin IP, tashar jiragen ruwa, adadin bayanan da aka canjawa wuri da saurin canja wuri. Babban fa'idar shirin shine zane na gani na loda tashar hanyar sadarwa:

Bayan bincika tashar cibiyar sadarwar uwar garke da gano matsaloli tare da babban nauyi, ana ba da shawarar haɓaka bandwidth na haɗin haɗin yanar gizo a gefen mai ba da sabis ko haɓaka saitunan ƙayyadaddun ƙirar matsala. A matsayin kayan aiki na ajiya, zaku iya amfani da tsarin sa ido daban-daban don saurin bin canje-canje a cikin ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa kuma, idan ya cancanta, sabunta kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa akai-akai daidai da buƙatu.

Kammalawa

A ƙarshe, ana iya jaddada cewa bincikar albarkatun uwar garken wani ɓangare ne na ingantaccen gudanarwa na mai rumfa da kuma sadaukarwa sabobin. Labarin ya ba mu damar duba manyan kayan aikin don cikakken bincike na uwar garken, kuma ya ba da shawarwari masu amfani don magance matsalolin matsalolin. Binciken tsarin na yau da kullun yana ba uwar garken damar yin aiki maras kyau, ko da ba tare da sa hannun mai amfani ba.