Yadda ake Sanya Stack LAMP akan CentOS Stream

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi cikakken bayani kan tsarin shigar da tarin LAMP akan sabar da ke tafiyar da tsarin aiki na CentOS Stream. Za ku koyi yadda ake saita kowane sashi mataki-by-steki da kuma tabbatar da aikin tarin da aka shigar. Ga masu amfani da ke aiki tare da rarrabawar Debian/Ubuntu, ana siffanta irin wannan tsarin shigarwa na LAMP a ciki wani labarin mu.

Tarin LAMP ya ƙunshi saitin software, gami da tsarin aiki na Linux, sabar gidan yanar gizon Apache, tsarin sarrafa bayanai na MySQL ko MariaDB, da harshen rubutun rubutun PHP. Waɗannan ɓangarorin suna aiki tare don ƙirƙirar dandamali mai ƙarfi da sassauƙa don ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen yanar gizo da gidajen yanar gizo.

Shirin Shirin

Kafin fara shigarwa, dole ne a ɗauki jerin matakan shirye-shirye.

Canja zuwa Superuser

Da farko, kuna buƙatar samun gata na superuser (tushen), saboda yawancin umarni da ake buƙata don saitin uwar garken suna buƙatar izini mai girma. Shigar da umarni mai zuwa don canzawa zuwa tushen mai amfani:

su -

Sabunta tsarin

Na gaba, ana ba da shawarar sabunta duk fakitin da aka shigar zuwa sabbin sigogin. Don sabuntawa, gudanar da umarni:

dnf update -y

Firewall Kanfigareshan

Don tabbatar da tsaron uwar garken ku, kuna buƙatar saita dokokin shiga. CentOS Stream yana amfani da Firewalld ta tsohuwa azaman tsarin sarrafa ƙa'ida. Tabbatar an shigar da firewalld kuma yana aiki:

systemctl status firewalld

Sannan, buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwa waɗanda tarin LAMP za su yi amfani da su:

• HTTP (tashar jiragen ruwa 80) don shiga gidan yanar gizon;
• HTTPS (tashar jiragen ruwa 443) don samun damar yanar gizo mai tsaro;
• MySQL (tashar jiragen ruwa 3306) don samun damar bayanai (idan ana buƙatar haɗin nesa).

Yi amfani da umarni masu zuwa don buɗe waɗannan tashoshin jiragen ruwa:

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp

Hakanan, ƙara ƙa'ida don haɗin SSH:

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=22/tcp

Bayan ƙara duk ƙa'idodi masu mahimmanci, sake shigar da saitunan Tacewar zaɓi:

firewall-cmd --reload

Tabbatar cewa Tacewar zaɓi yana aiki daidai. Gudun umarni mai zuwa don duba duk dokoki:

firewall-cmd --list-all

Shigar da Apache

Don shigar Apache, yi amfani da mai sarrafa fakitin DNF. Idan kawai kuna buƙatar ainihin sigar Apache, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa:

dnf install httpd -y

Baya ga ainihin shigarwa na Apache, Hakanan zaka iya ƙara kayan aiki da kayayyaki daban-daban don haɓaka ayyuka da haɓaka tsaro na sabar gidan yanar gizo. Ma'anar wannan umarni shine:

dnf install additional_packages –y

Don shigar da sabis ɗin tare da ƙarin fakiti, umarnin yayi kama da haka:

dnf install httpd additional_packages -y

Duba zuwa takardun aikin hukuma don sanin kanku da samuwan kayan aiki da kayayyaki.

Bayan shigar Apache, fara shi kuma ƙara shi zuwa farawa:

systemctl start httpd
systemctl enable httpd

Bincika matsayin sabis ɗin ta amfani da umarnin:

systemctl status httpd

A wannan mataki, zaku iya buɗe mashigar yanar gizo kuma ku shigar da adireshin IP na uwar garken a mashin adireshi. Ya kamata ku ga shafin maraba na Apache, yana nuna nasarar shigarwa:

Ta hanyar tsoho, Apache akan CentOS yana cikin /da sauransu/httpd directory. A ciki akwai ƙananan bayanai daban-daban da fayilolin da ake amfani da su don daidaitawa da sarrafa uwar garke.

Fayilolin yanar gizo, kamar HTML, CSS, JavaScript, yakamata a sanya su a cikin / var / www / html directory. Duk fayilolin da ke cikin wannan kundin adireshi za a iya samun dama ga adireshin rukunin yanar gizon ku.

Shigarwar MySQL

A cikin wannan sashe, za mu dubi tsarin shigarwa da daidaita MariaDB akan uwar garken CentOS Stream. MariaDB cokali ne na MySQL wanda ke kula da dacewa tare da MySQL amma yana ba da ingantaccen aiki, ingantaccen fasali, da al'umma mai haɓakawa. Don shigar da kayan aiki, yi amfani da umarnin:

dnf install mariadb-server mariadb -y

Bayan shigarwa, fara sabis ɗin kuma kunna shi don farawa akan tsarin boot:

systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb

Don tabbatar da cewa sabis na MariaDB yana gudana daidai, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa:

systemctl status mariadb

MariaDB yana ba da rubutun saitin tsaro wanda ke ba ku damar cire saitunan tsoho marasa aminci da kare bayanan. Guda shi:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Yayin aiwatar da rubutun, za a umarce ku da yin matakai da yawa:

1. Saita kalmar sirri don tushen mai amfani (idan ba a riga an saita shi ba);
2. Cire masu amfani da ba a san su ba;
3. Ba da izinin shiga nesa azaman tushen;
4. Cire bayanan gwaji da samun dama gare shi;
5. Sake loda teburin gata don aiwatar da canje-canje.

Ana ba da shawarar amsa da tabbaci (y) a kowane mataki.

Bayan kammala saitin tsaro na farko, zaku iya haɗawa zuwa MariaDB. Don yin wannan, gudanar da umarni:

mysql -u root -p

Don tabbatar da MariaDB yana aiki daidai, ana ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar bayanan gwaji. Aiwatar da waɗannan umarni a cikin na'urar wasan bidiyo na MariaDB:

CREATE DATABASE testdb;
USE testdb;
CREATE TABLE test_table (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO test_table (name) VALUES ('example data');
SELECT * FROM test_table;

Waɗannan umarni za su ƙirƙiri sabon bayanan bayanai testdb, tebur test_table, da ƙara rikodin guda ɗaya. Sannan za su nuna abubuwan da ke cikin teburin don tabbatarwa:

Don fita harsashi, yi amfani da umarnin:

exit

Shigar da PHP

Bayan shigar Apache da MySQL, mataki na gaba shine shigar da daidaita PHP, wanda ke da alhakin sarrafa shafukan yanar gizo masu ƙarfi. Mai kama da Apache, zaku iya aiwatar da ainihin shigarwa na PHP tare da ƙara ƙarin kayan aikin da suka dace. Don shigarwa na asali, yi amfani da umarnin:

dnf install php

Duk da haka, a cikin wannan nau'i, kayan aiki da wuya a shigar. Mafi sau da yawa, shigarwa yana faruwa nan da nan tare da ƙarin kayayyaki. Bari mu shigar da wasu mahimman kayayyaki:

dnf install php php-cli php-mysqlnd php-json php-gd php-ldap php-odbc php-pdo php-opcache php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-mbstring php-snmp php-soap php-zip –y

Duba zuwa takardun aikin hukuma don cikakken jerin samfuran da ke akwai. Don duba abubuwan da aka shigar, yi amfani da umarnin:

php -m

Don bincika sigar PHP da aka shigar, yi amfani da umarnin:

php -v

Babban fayil ɗin daidaitawar PHP yana nan a /etc/php.ini. Bude wannan fayil ɗin a cikin editan rubutu:

vim /etc/php.ini

Yi canje-canjen da suka dace, misali, saita yankin lokaci daidai ta amfani da umarnin date.timezone kuma daidaita girman fayil ɗin loda ta amfani da umarnin upload_max_filesize da post_max_size. Idan baku yi aiki a baya tare da editocin rubutun na'ura ba, mun shirya wani Labari don taimaka muku fahimtar tushen aiki tare da vim.

Bayan shigar da kayan aiki da yin kowane canje-canje ga fayil ɗin sanyi, sake kunna sabis na Apache:

systemctl restart httpd

Don duba ayyukan, ƙirƙiri rubutu mai sauƙi wanda zai nuna bayani game da sigar PHP da saitunan yanzu. Ƙirƙiri fayil info.php a cikin tushen adireshin uwar garken yanar gizo / var / www / html tare da abubuwan masu biyowa:

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Buɗe mai binciken gidan yanar gizo kuma shigar da URL ɗin uwar garken sannan sunan fayil ɗin rubutun gwaji ya biyo baya. Misali:

http://your_server_ip/info.php

Idan an saita komai daidai, zaku ga cikakkun bayanai game da sigar PHP, saituna, samfuran tallafi, da ƙari:

Kammalawa

Shigar da tarin LAMP akan uwar garken rafin CentOS muhimmin mataki ne don ƙirƙirar sabar gidan yanar gizo abin dogaro. Ta bin umarnin, kun koyi yadda ake saita Apache, MySQL, da PHP, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga gidajen yanar gizo masu ƙarfi. Wannan tarin yana buɗe dama da yawa don haɓaka gidan yanar gizo, kuma ƙarin nazari da haɓakawa zai taimaka muku haɓaka aiki da amincin sabar ku.