Editocin rubutun Console kayan aiki ne da ba makawa a sarrafa uwar garken, yana ba da ikon ƙirƙira da shirya fayilolin rubutu. An bambanta su saboda sun dogara ne akan layin umarni, ba tare da abubuwa masu hoto ba, amma a lokaci guda suna ba da duk zaɓuɓɓukan da suka dace don ingantaccen aiki tare da bayanan rubutu. Wannan kayan aiki na iya zama da amfani duka don ƙananan ayyuka, alal misali, canza takamaiman fayil ɗaya, da kuma cikakken nazarin rajistan ayyukan uwar garken akan Linux.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu bincika editocin rubutu da yawa don tsarin aiki na Linux. Bari mu dubi mafi mashahuri mafita, kamar Nano, vim, da kuma magana game da waɗanda ba a san su ba: emacs, joe da kuma micro. Bayan karantawa, mai amfani zai sami cikakken ra'ayi na duk editocin da aka jera, kuma zai iya zaɓar mafi kyawun ɗaya don sadaukarwa ko kama-da-wane. uwar garken.
Editan rubutu Nano
Nano yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun editocin rubutu na tasha don tsarin Linux. Ba kamar sauran abubuwan amfani ba, Nano yana ba da fa'ida ta musamman - baya buƙatar babban matakin ƙwarewa don amfani. An tsara wannan editan rubutun na'ura don zama mai sauƙin amfani da fahimta, yana mai da shi isa ga masu farawa. A mafi yawan lokuta, an riga an shigar da shi akan tsarin. Koyaya, idan babu shi, zaku iya shigar da editan ta amfani da umarni masu zuwa:
Don CentOS:
yum install nanoA kan Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install nanoKuna iya amfani da wannan umarni don buɗe fayil ɗin da ƙarin aiki a cikin editan rubutu:
nano path/to/file
Ana nuna jerin mahimman umarni don aiki tare da fayiloli a ƙasan taga. Yi amfani da maɓallin Ctrl a lokaci guda tare da aikin da ake so. Kayan aiki takardun iya samar da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai.
Don amfani da kayan aiki tare da zaɓuɓɓuka waɗanda ba su bayyana a cikin tashar ba, yi amfani da ma'anar:
nano option path/to/fileHakanan ana iya samun cikakken jerin ayyukan da ake da su a cikin takaddun a mahaɗin da ke sama. Manyan wadanda suka hada da:
+number - saka layi a cikin fayil don farawa da--tabsize=digit - saita girman tabbing a cikin sarari--smooth - ba da damar gungurawa santsi yayin motsi ta cikin fayil--mouse - ba da damar tallafin linzamin kwamfuta don kewayawa da nuna rubutu--autoindent - ƙara indents ta atomatik lokacin matsawa zuwa sabon layi--wordwrap - kunsa layi da kalmomi, ba ta haruffa ba--softwrap - kunsa layi a gani, ba tare da canza ainihin rubutun ba--syntax=language - ba da damar nuna alama don takamaiman yaren shirye-shirye--bookmarks - ƙara alamun shafi don kewaya cikin fayil da sauri--multibuffer - buɗe fayiloli da yawa a cikin buffer daban-daban don gyara lokaci guda--linenumbers - nuni lambobin layi a mashaya--rebindkey=key:command - sake sanya maɓalli zuwa takamaiman umarni
Yana da mahimmanci a ambaci cewa don kunna ko shirya wasu ayyuka kuna buƙatar amfani da fayil ɗin sanyi wanda yake a /etc/nanrc. Don kunna ko kashe aiki, kuna buƙatar cire aikin sharhi daga layin (# alamar), kuma don yin canje-canje zuwa takamaiman zaɓi - canza ƙimar daidai.
Vim rubutu editan
Vim - babban editan rubutu ne na wasan bidiyo, wannan ingantaccen sigar asali ne vi, saki a 1976. Its peculiarity ta'allaka ne a cikin musamman ra'ayi na aiki halaye: al'ada, saka da kuma gani halaye. Ya shahara saboda ingancin sa a cikin shirye-shirye saboda yawan tsari na umarni da goyan bayan jimlolin yau da kullun don nema da maye gurbinsa. Ba kamar masu gyara masu sauƙi kamar nano ba, vim na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don sanin su.
Ana yin shigarwa akan CentOS tare da umarnin:
yum install vimA kan Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install vimAn ƙaddamar da shirin kuma ana buɗe fayil ɗin da ake buƙata ta hanyar umarni:
vim path/to/file
Kamar yadda zaku iya gani daga misalin da ke sama, code yana nunawa a ciki vim an kunna ta tsohuwa. Ayyukan shirin suna da yawa sosai, kuma sarrafa fayil yana faruwa da ɗan bambanta fiye da sauran masu gyara. Masu haɓakawa sun ware dabam Taimako albarkatun don cikakken nazarin duk kayan aiki da umarni masu yuwuwa.
Anan, alal misali, shine yadda mafi yawan umarni suka yi kama:
i - jeka sa yanayin don fara shigar da rubutuEsc - Fita yanayin saka kuma komawa zuwa yanayin umarni (yanayin al'ada):w - ajiye fayil na yanzu:q - bar fayil na yanzu:q! - bar fayil na yanzu ba tare da adana canje-canje bayy – kwafi layin yanzudd – yanke layin na yanzup - manna layin da aka kwafi ko yanke bayan na yanzuu - gyara aikin ƙarshe/search_term – bincika kirtani search_term a cikin fayil:s/old/new/g - maye gurbin duk abubuwan da suka gabata da sababbi a cikin layi na yanzu:set number - lambobin nuni
Vim editan rubutu ne mai ƙarfi da sassauƙa wanda aka ƙera don inganta tsarin aiki tare da rubutu. Babban hasara shine babban shingen shigarwa ga masu farawa. Ƙimar sadarwa da umarni na iya zama wanda ba a sani ba ga waɗanda suka fara koyan sa, kuma wannan na iya haifar da wasu matsaloli a farkon.
Editan rubutu na Emacs
Emacs editan rubutu ne mai ƙarfi da daidaitacce wanda ke ba da fa'idodi da yawa don gyara rubutu, lambar rubutu, da sarrafa fayiloli. Yana goyan bayan harsunan shirye-shirye da yawa, yana da ginanniyar tallafi don kari (plugins), kuma yana bawa mai amfani damar ƙirƙirar rubutun nasu don sarrafa ayyuka ta atomatik. Emacs Hakanan yana da tsari na musamman da tsarin sarrafa taga, yana mai da shi ɗayan mafi sassauƙa kuma masu haɓaka fasali a kusa.
Don shigarwa akan CentOS, za mu yi amfani da umarnin:
yum install emacsA kan Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install emacsBude takamaiman fayil a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo yayi kama da sauran masu gyara:
emacs path/to/file
Ta hanyar tsoho, ba a kashe hasashe na syntax, kuma bayyanar ba ta da bambanci da sauran editocin wasan bidiyo. A kasan allon akwai sandar matsayi, kuma babban aikin yana saman. Koyaya, lokacin aiki tare da nau'in wasan bidiyo na editan, wannan aikin yana samuwa ta amfani da gajeriyar hanyar madannai. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa maɓallan ƙarin da aka yi amfani da su sune maɓallin Sarrafa, wanda aka saita zuwa Ctrl ta tsohuwa, da maɓallin Meta, saita zuwa Alt. Takardun shafi akan gidan yanar gizon hukuma zai taimaka muku sanin cikakken aikin.
A matsayin misali, bari mu bincika umarnin da aka fi amfani da su:
Alt+X – rubuta umarniCtrl+X Ctrl+C - edita na kusaCtrl+G - soke aikinCtrl+H b – nuna gajerun maɓallanCtrl+X Ctrl+S – ajiye fayilCtrl+X Ctrl+F – bude fayilAlt+W - kwafiCtrl+W - yankeCtrl+Y - mannaCtrl+X 2 - tsaga taga a tsayeCtrl+X 0- canza tsakanin windowsCtrl+X -> Ctrl+X <- canzawa tsakanin masu buffer
In takaita, emacs yana ba da fasali na musamman kamar tsarin umarni mai sassauƙa, babban gyare-gyare, da kuma manyan hanyoyin aiki. Layin umarninsa da macros suna ba masu amfani damar ƙirƙirar matakan aiki sosai. Duk da haka, saboda tsarinsa na musamman mai sassauƙa, ba a ba da shawarar amfani da masu farawa ba.
Joe rubutu editan
Joe editan rubutu ne na tushen console wanda Joseph Ellis ya kirkira. Yana ba da sauƙi mai sauƙi da fahimta, manufa don aiki a cikin na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta rubutu. Joe yana ba da mahimman ayyukan gyara rubutu kamar sakawa, sharewa, kwafi, da kuma abubuwan ci-gaba gami da goyan bayan yarukan tsara shirye-shirye da yawa tare da nuna alama. Kamar Nano, wannan edita shine kyakkyawan zaɓi ga waɗanda ke darajar amfani.
Umurnin shigar akan CentOS:
yum install joeA kan Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install joeAna buɗe fayil ɗin rubutu ta umarnin:
joe path/to/file
Ana kunna nuna alama ta hanyar tsohuwa, kuma ana nuna mahimman bayanai game da fayil ɗin da ake gyarawa a saman editan. Kamar editocin baya, joe yana da ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa, gami da goyan bayan umarnin macro. Don sanin ainihin saitin umarni, kuna buƙatar amfani da haɗin maɓalli Ctrl + K, sannan kuma H key. Za a nuna ayyukan da ake da su a saman tashar tashar:
Ana iya samun ƙarin cikakken jerin fasali akan takardun page.
Joe yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi da fahimta, yana sa shi samun dama ga masu farawa. A lokaci guda, yana ba da fasali masu ƙarfi kamar goyan bayan taga da yawa, nuna rubutu, bincike da sauyawa, yana mai da shi sha'awa ga ƙwararrun masu amfani. Rashin hasara na joe shi ne cewa ba shi da tallafi da ci gaba da yawa idan aka kwatanta da sauran masu gyara rubutu, wanda zai iya haifar da iyakancewar fasali da sabuntawa a nan gaba. Masu amfani kuma na iya fuskantar matsaloli wajen sarrafa fasalulluka da haɗin haɗin maɓalli lokacin sauyawa daga wasu mafita.
Mai gyara rubutu na micro
Micro - editan rubutu ne mai sauƙi, mai sauƙin amfani wanda aka tsara tare da mai da hankali kan ƙaranci da fahimta. Wannan kayan aiki yana ba da ainihin aikin gyara rubutu kuma yana goyan bayan ƙarin haɓaka ayyuka. Micro yana goyan bayan haskaka ma'auni don harsunan shirye-shirye daban-daban, haskaka layi mai yawa, tallafin plugin da sauran saitunan mai amfani da za'a iya daidaita su.
Ana gudanar da shigarwa akan CentOS ta amfani da rubutun musamman tare da umarni:
curl https://getmic.ro | bashA kan Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install microLura: ta amfani da wannan hanyar shigarwa, ƙaddamar da edita akan CentOS shima zai bambanta. Kuna iya buɗe takamaiman fayil yayin da ke cikin gidan ku tare da umarni:
./micro path/to/fileDon amfani da kayan aikin daga kowane directory, kuna buƙatar matsar da shi zuwa /usr/bin. Don yin wannan za mu yi amfani da umarnin
mv micro /usr/bin/Bayan haka, da micro Tsarin ƙaddamarwa zai kasance iri ɗaya akan duk tsarin Linux, gami da Debian/Ubuntu:
micro path/to/file
Ana iya koyan maɓallan kewayawa da gyara takarda ta latsawa Alt+G. Za a nuna umarnin da aka fi amfani da su a kasan tashar:
The Ctlr+G haɗuwa zai buɗe cikakken sashin taimako na kayan aiki:
Kuna iya ƙarin koyo game da damar kayan aiki akan shafin aikin GitHub na hukuma a cikin takardun sashe.
Gabaɗaya, the micro edita kyakkyawan zaɓi ne ga waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don haske da amfani. Ƙira mafi ƙarancinsa da saurin aiki ya sa ya zama kayan aiki mai ban sha'awa ga masu shirye-shirye. Koyaya, rashin lahani na iya kasancewa ƙayyadaddun saitin ayyuka da kuma rashin ma'amala mai hoto. Duk da haka, micro edita ya kasance abin dogaro kuma ingantaccen bayani don gyara fayilolin rubutu
Kammalawa
Bita na editocin na'urar wasan bidiyo na Linux sun bayyana bambance-bambancen da keɓaɓɓun halaye na kowannensu. Rashin mafita mai dacewa kawai yana jaddada mahimmancin zaɓi na mutum ɗaya, yana bawa masu amfani damar daidaita ƙwarewar su don dacewa da abubuwan da suke so da buƙatun su. Zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa na editocin rubutun na'ura don Linux suna ba masu amfani damar keɓance kayan aiki zuwa buƙatun su, yana nuna sassauci da bambance-bambance a cikin duniyar sarrafa kalmomi.
